Frontal lobe damage produces episodic memory impairment

1995 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 525-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Wheeler ◽  
Donald T. Stuss ◽  
Endel Tulving
Keyword(s):  
Free Recall ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cued Recall ◽  
Conventional Wisdom ◽  
Frontal Lobe Damage

AbstractThis article reports the outcome of a meta-analysis of the relation between the frontal lobes and memory as measured by tests of recognition, cued recall, and free recall. We reviewed experiments in which patients with documented, circumscribed frontal pathology were compared with normal control subjects on these three types of tests. Contrary to conventional wisdom, there is strong evidence that frontal damage disrupts performance on all three types of tests, with the greatest impairment in free recall, and the smallest in recognition. (JINS, 1995, 1, 525–536.)

scholarly journals The Sleep Benefit in Episodic Memory: An Integrative Review and a Meta-Analysis

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Berres ◽  
Edgar Erdfelder
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Systematic Investigation ◽  
Cued Recall ◽  
Integrative Review ◽  
Selective Reporting ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Sleep Study ◽  
Sleep Benefit ◽  
Variance Estimates

People recall more information after sleep than after an equally long period of wakefulness. This sleep benefit in episodic memory has been documented in almost a century of research. However, an integrative review of hypothesized underlying processes, a comprehensive quantification of the benefit, and a systematic investigation of potential moderators has been missing so far. Here, we address these issues by analyzing 823 effect sizes from 271 independent samples that were reported in 177 articles published between 1967 and 2019. Using multilevel meta-regressions with robust variance estimates, we found a moderate overall sleep benefit in episodic memory (g = 0.44). Moderator analyses revealed four important findings: First, the sleep benefit is larger when stimuli are studied multiple times instead of just once. Second, for word materials, the effect size depends on the retrieval procedure: It is largest in free recall, followed by cued recall and recognition tasks. Third, the sleep benefit is stronger in pre-post difference measures of retention than in delayed memory tests. Fourth, sleep benefits are larger for natural sleep and nighttime naps than foralternative sleep-study designs (e.g., SWS-deprived sleep, daytime naps). Although there was no obvious evidence for selective reporting, it is a potential threat to the validity of the results. When accounting for selective reporting bias, the overall effect of sleep on episodic memory is reduced but still significant (g = 0.28). We argue that our results support an integrative, multi-causal theoretical account of sleep-induced episodic memory benefits and provide guidance to increase their replicability.

Verbal Episodic Memory Impairment in Schizophrenia: A Comparison with Frontal Lobe Lesion Patients

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 647-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce K. Christensen ◽  
Regan E. Patrick ◽  
Donald T. Stuss ◽  
Susan Gillingham ◽  
Robert B. Zipursky
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Frontal Lobe Lesion ◽  
Verbal Episodic Memory

Episodic memory impairment in Huntington's disease: A meta-analysis

2006 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 1984-1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alonso Montoya ◽  
Marc Pelletier ◽  
Matthew Menear ◽  
Elisabeth Duplessis ◽  
François Richer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Huntington's Disease ◽  
Huntington’S Disease ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Meta Analysis

scholarly journals The association between depressive and cognitive symptoms in amnestic mild cognitive impairment

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 710-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Hudon ◽  
Sylvie Belleville ◽  
Serge Gauthier
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Cued Recall ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Amnestic Mci ◽  
Verbal Episodic Memory

ABSTRACTBackground: Depressive symptoms are frequently observed in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, little is known regarding the cognitive characteristics of this important subgroup.Methods: We examined executive functions (controlled inhibition) and verbal episodic memory in 33 healthy older adults (control group), 18 older adults with amnestic MCI plus subclinical depressive symptoms (a-MCI/D+ group), and 26 older adults with amnestic MCI but no depressive symptoms (a-MCI group).Results: Compared to the a-MCI and control groups, patients with a-MCI/D+ showed poor controlled inhibition. Moreover, in verbal episodic memory these patients recalled fewer words than control participants on immediate free, delayed free, and delayed total (free plus cued) recall. Performance on immediate recall suggested a self-retrieval deficit, but delayed performance also revealed the existence of an encoding impairment. In the a-MCI group, participants exhibited normal performance on the executive task, but pervasive memory impairment; the memory deficit concerned free and total recall on both immediate and delayed tasks, suggesting the existence of encoding and self-retrieval disturbances.Conclusions: This study reveals differences between the pattern of cognitive impairment for a-MCI/D+ and a-MCI subgroups particularly at the level of executive capacities. In terms of memory functioning, the differences between the subgroups were more subtle; more studies are needed in order to better characterize the memory impairment of a-MCI/D+ and a-MCI patients.

scholarly journals Information and Processes Underlying Semantic and Episodic Memory Across Tasks, Items, and Individuals

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory Edward Cox ◽  
Amy H. Criss ◽  
William Roger Aue ◽  
Pernille Hemmer
Keyword(s):  
Free Recall ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Item Recognition ◽  
Cued Recall ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Lexical Memory ◽  
Single Item ◽  
Bayesian Techniques

The development of memory theory has been constrained by a focus on isolated tasks rather than the processes and information that are common to situations in which memory is engaged. We present results from a study in which 453 participants took part in five different memory tasks: single-item recognition, associative recognition, cued recall, free recall, and lexical decision. Using hierarchical Bayesian techniques, we jointly analyzed the correlations between tasks within individuals—reflecting the degree to which tasks rely on shared cognitive processes—and within items—reflecting the degree to which tasks rely on the same information conveyed by the item. Among other things, we find that (a) the processes involved in lexical access and episodic memory are largely separate and rely on different kinds of information; (b) access to lexical memory is driven primarily by perceptual aspects of a word; (c) all episodic memory tasks rely to an extent on a set of shared processes which make use of semantic features to encode both single words and associations between words; (d) recall involves additional processes likely related to contextual cuing and response production. These results provide a large-scale picture of memory across different tasks which can serve to drive the development of comprehensive theories of memory.Published version now available from the Journal of Experimental Psychology: General: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/xge0000407

The Teco Theory and Lawful Dependency in Successive Episodic Memory Tests

2000 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 693-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sverker Sikström
Keyword(s):  
Free Recall ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Recognition Test ◽  
Recall Test ◽  
Cued Recall ◽  
Experimental Paradigm ◽  
Recognition Failure ◽  
Memory Tests ◽  
Strong Claim

A large number of experiments in successive tests of episodic memory have focused on an experimental paradigm called recognition failure of recallable words. In this paradigm, a cued recall test follows a recognition test. Large amounts of data have revealed a lawful moderate dependence between recognition and cued recall. TECO (Sikström, 1996b), a general connectionist theory of memory, has been applied for the phenomenon of recognition failure. This paper makes a strong claim that all possible pairwise combinations of successive tests between recognition, cued recognition, cued recall, and free recall follow a lawful relationship. The quantitative degree of the dependency predicted between these tests can be summarized in one function. Four experiments were conducted to test this claim. In line with the predictions, the results show that all pairwise combinations of these tests fit reasonably well with the proposed function. The TECO theory suggests theoretical insights into how recognition and recall may be divided into a recollection component, a familiarity component, and a cue-target integration component.

What did you do yesterday? A meta-analysis of sex differences in episodic memory.

2019 ◽  
Vol 145 (8) ◽  
pp. 785-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Asperholm ◽  
Nadja Högman ◽  
Jonas Rafi ◽  
Agneta Herlitz
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Meta Analysis
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