verbal episodic memory
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2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (S11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Valentine ◽  
John Hall ◽  
Julien Gagnon ◽  
Emily Binning ◽  
Vaibhav A Narayan ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Valérie Turcotte ◽  
Olivier Potvin ◽  
Mahsa Dadar ◽  
Carol Hudon ◽  
Simon Duchesne ◽  
...  

Background: Evidence suggests birth cohort differences in cognitive performance of older adults. Proxies of cognitive reserve (CR), such as educational attainment and occupational complexity, could also partly account for these differences as they are influenced by the sociocultural environment of the birth cohorts. Objective: To predict cognitive performance using birth cohorts and CR and examine the moderating influence of CR on cognitive performance and structural brain health association. Methods: Using ADNI data (n = 1628), four birth cohorts were defined (1915–1928; 1929–1938; 1939–1945; 1946–1964). CR proxies were education, occupational complexity, and verbal IQ. We predicted baseline cognitive performances (verbal episodic memory; language and semantic memory; attention capacities; executive functions) using multiple linear regressions with CR, birth cohorts, age, structural brain health (total brain volume; total white matter hyperintensities volume) and vascular risk factors burden as predictors. Sex and CR interactions were also explored. Results: Recent birth cohorts, higher CR, and healthier brain structures predicted better performance in verbal episodic memory, language and semantic memory, and attention capacities, with large effect sizes. Better performance in executive functions was predicted by a higher CR and a larger total brain volume, with a small effect size. With equal score of CR, women outperformed men in verbal episodic memory and language and semantic memory in all cohorts. Higher level of CR predicted better performance in verbal episodic memory, only when total brain volume was lower. Conclusion: Cohort differences in cognitive performance favor more recent birth cohorts and suggests that this association may be partly explained by proxies of CR.


2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Petkus ◽  
Diana Younan ◽  
Xinhui Wang ◽  
Daniel P. Beavers ◽  
Mark A. Espeland ◽  
...  

Background: Elucidating associations between exposures to ambient air pollutants and profiles of cognitive performance may provide insight into neurotoxic effects on the aging brain. Objective: We examined associations between empirically derived profiles of cognitive performance and residential concentrations of particulate matter of aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in older women. Method: Women (N = 2,142) from the Women’s Health Initiative Study of Cognitive Aging completed a neuropsychological assessment measuring attention, visuospatial, language, and episodic memory abilities. Average yearly concentrations of PM2.5 and NO2 were estimated at the participant’s addresses for the 3 years prior to the assessment. Latent profile structural equation models identified subgroups of women exhibiting similar profiles across tests. Multinomial regressions examined associations between exposures and latent profile classification, controlling for covariates. Result: Five latent profiles were identified: low performance across multiple domains (poor multi-domain; n = 282;13%), relatively poor verbal episodic memory (poor memory; n = 216; 10%), average performance across all domains (average multi-domain; n = 974; 45%), superior memory (n = 381; 18%), and superior attention (n = 332; 15%). Using women with average cognitive ability as the referent, higher PM2.5 (per interquartile range [IQR] = 3.64μg/m3) was associated with greater odds of being classified in the poor memory (OR = 1.29; 95% Confidence Interval [CI] = 1.10–1.52) or superior attention (OR = 1.30; 95% CI = 1.10–1.53) profiles. NO2 (per IQR = 9.86 ppb) was associated with higher odds of being classified in the poor memory (OR = 1.38; 95% CI = 1.17–1.63) and lower odds of being classified with superior memory (OR = 0.81; 95% CI = 0.67–0.97). Conclusion: Exposure to PM2.5 and NO2 are associated with patterns of cognitive performance characterized by worse verbal episodic memory relative to performance in other domains.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Paula Maziero ◽  
Ariella Fornachari Ribeiro Belan ◽  
Marina von Zuben de Arruda Camargo ◽  
Marcela Lima Silagi ◽  
Orestes Vicente Forlenza ◽  
...  

Language complaints, especially in complex tasks, may occur in mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Various language measures have been studied as cognitive predictors of MCI conversion to Alzheimer's type dementia. Understanding textual inferences is considered a high-demanding task that recruits multiple cognitive functions and, therefore, could be sensitive to detect decline in the early stages of MCI. Thus, we aimed to compare the performance of subjects with MCI to healthy elderly in a textual inference comprehension task and to determine the best predictors of performance in this ability considering one verbal episodic memory and two semantic tasks. We studied 99 individuals divided into three groups: (1) 23 individuals with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), (2) 42 individuals with non-amnestic mild cognitive impairment (naMCI), (3), and (4) 34 cognitively healthy individuals for the control group (CG). A reduced version of The Implicit Management Test was used to assess different types of inferential reasoning in text reading. MCI patients performed poorer than healthy elderly, and there were no differences between MCI subgroups (amnestic and non-amnestic). The best predictors for inference-making were verbal memory in the aMCI and semantic tasks in the naMCI group. The results confirmed that the failure to understand textual inferences can be present in MCI and showed that different cognitive skills like semantic knowledge and verbal episodic memory are necessary for inference-making.


2021 ◽  
Vol 168 ◽  
pp. S209
Author(s):  
Jing Yan ◽  
Wenjuan Li ◽  
Tingting Zhang ◽  
Junjun Zhang ◽  
Zhenlan Jin ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Janine Hotz ◽  
Bernhard Fehlmann ◽  
Andreas Papassotiropoulos ◽  
Dominique JF. de Quervain ◽  
Nathalie S. Schicktanz

Author(s):  
Kristen M George ◽  
Paola Gilsanz ◽  
Rachel L Peterson ◽  
Lisa L Barnes ◽  
Charles S DeCarli ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Midlife cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) increase risk of dementia. Black Americans experience an elevated prevalence of CVRF and dementia. However, little is known of how CVRF prior to midlife affect late-life cognition. We examined CVRF in adolescence, young adulthood, and midlife with late-life cognition in The Study of Healthy Aging in African Americans (STAR). Methods STAR assesses cognitive aging among 764 Black Americans ages ≥50 (mean age=69;SD=9;range 53-95). Participants’ body mass index, blood pressure, glucose, and total cholesterol were collected during Multiphasic Health Check-ups (MHC;1964-1985). At STAR baseline (2018-2019), executive function, verbal episodic memory, and semantic memory were measured using the Spanish and English Neuropsychological Assessment Scales. Linear regression models examined associations between CVRF and cognition adjusting for demographics and years since MHC. Results At MHC, 36% of participants had 1 CVRF and 26% had ≥2. Twenty-two percent of participants were adolescents (ages:12-20), 62% young adults (ages:21-34), and 16% midlife adults (ages:35-56). Overweight/obesity was not associated with cognition. Hypertension was associated with worse executive function [β(95%CI):-0.14(-0.28,-0.0003)] and verbal episodic memory [β(95%CI):-0.22(-0.37,-0.07)] compared to normotension. Diabetes was associated with worse executive function [β(95%CI):-0.43(-0.83,-0.03)]. Having ≥2 CVRF (versus 0) was associated with worse executive function [β(95%CI):-0.19(-0.34,-0.03)] and verbal episodic memory [β(95%CI):-0.25(-0.41,-0.08)]. Adolescents with hypertension had lower late-life executive function compared to normotensive adolescents [β(95%CI):-0.39(-0.67,-0.11)]. Young adulthood hypertension [β(95%CI):-0.29(-0.49,-0.09)] and midlife hyperlipidemia [β(95%CI):-0.386(-0.70,-0.02)] were associated with lower verbal episodic memory. Conclusions Among Black Americans, lifecourse CVRF were associated with poorer executive function and verbal episodic memory emphasizing the importance of cardiovascular health on the aging brain.


2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel L. Peterson ◽  
Kristen M. George ◽  
Paola Gilsanz ◽  
Elizabeth Rose Mayeda ◽  
M. Maria Glymour ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Low socioeconomic status (SES) in early and late life has been associated with lower late-life cognition. Less is known about how changes in SES from childhood to late life are associated with late-life cognition, especially among diverse populations of older adults. Methods In a multi-ethnic sample (n = 1353) of older adults, we used linear regression to test associations of change in comprehensive measures of SES (financial, cultural, and social domains) from childhood to late life with semantic memory, episodic memory, and executive function. We tested whether the association between SES trajectory and late-life cognition differed by populations who resided in the U.S. during childhood or immigrated to the U.S. as adults. Results Participants with low childhood/high late-life financial capital had better semantic memory (β = 0.18; 95% CI: 0.04, 0.32) versus those with low financial capital in both childhood and late life, regardless of childhood residence. We observed a significant interaction in the association of verbal episodic memory and cultural capital by childhood residence (p = 0.08). Participants with a foreign childhood residence had higher verbal episodic memory if they had low childhood/high late-life cultural capital (β = 0.32; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.63), but lower verbal episodic memory if they had high childhood/low late-life cultural capital (β = − 0.40; 95% CI: − 0.94, 0.13). Having high lifecourse social capital was associated with better verbal episodic memory scores among those with a U.S. childhood (β = 0.34; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.55), but lower verbal episodic memory among those with a foreign childhood (β = − 0.10; 95% CI: − 0.51, 0.31). Conclusions High financial and cultural capital in late life is associated with better cognition, regardless of early childhood SES or childhood residence.


2021 ◽  
Vol 89 (9) ◽  
pp. S345
Author(s):  
Nicolas Bolo ◽  
Victor Zeng ◽  
Brett Clementz ◽  
Carol Tamminga ◽  
Godfrey Pearlson ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Jan-Baptist Belge ◽  
Linda Van Diermen ◽  
Bernard Sabbe ◽  
Manuel Morrens ◽  
Violette Coppens ◽  
...  

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> The neurobiological mechanisms underlying the acute cognitive effects of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) remain poorly understood. Prior research has shown that proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, TNF-α, IL1-β, and IL-10 may interfere with cognitive functioning. Interestingly, immunomodulation is one of the proposed modes of action of ECT. This study investigates whether changes of peripheral levels of IL-6, TNF-α, IL1-β, and IL-10 are related to changes in cognitive functioning following ECT. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> In the week before and 1 week after an acute course of ECT, 62 patients suffering from depression underwent a neuropsychological evaluation to assess their processing speed using the Symbol Digit Substitution Test (SDST), verbal episodic memory using the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised (HVLT-R), and their retrospective autobiographic memory using the Autobiographical Memory Interview (AMI) with the peripheral inflammatory markers being measured at the same 2 time points. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Patients improved drastically following ECT, while their main performance on both the HVLT-R and AMI declined and their SDST scores remained stable. The levels of IL-6 and IL1-β had both decreased, where the decrease in IL-6 was related to the decrease in HVLT-R scores. Higher baseline IL-10 levels were associated with a more limited decrease of the HVLT-R scores. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Our findings tentatively suggest that the effects of ECT on verbal episodic memory may be related to the treatment’s immunomodulatory properties, most notably due to decreased IL-6 levels. Moreover, baseline IL-10 appears to be a potential biomarker to predict the effects of ECT on verbal episodic memory. Whilst compelling, the results of this study should be interpreted with caution as, due to its exploratory nature, no correction for multiple comparisons was made. Further, a replication in larger cohorts is warranted.


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