Semantic category differences in cross-form priming

Findings of category-specific impairments have suggested that human semantic memory may be organized around a living/nonliving dichotomy. In order to assess implicit memory performance for living and nonliving concepts, one group of neurologically intact individuals participated in a cross-form conceptual priming paradigm. In Block 1, pictures primed words while in Block 2 words were used to prime pictures. Across all phases of the experiment, subjects decided whether items represented something which was living or nonliving, and response times were recorded. Results revealed greater priming for living concepts across both blocks. Greater priming for living concepts may have occurred because of increased or prolonged conceptual activation of these concepts. Results are discussed in the context of theoretical accounts of the category-specific impairments observed in brain-damaged populations. (JINS, 2003, 9, 796–805.)

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Increased regional cerebral glucose metabolism and semantic memory performance in Alzheimer's disease: A pilot double blind transdermal nicotine positron emission tomography study

Neuropsychology Review ◽

10.1007/bf01875368 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 61-79 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Randolph W. Parks ◽

Robert E. Becker ◽

Robert F. Rippey ◽

David G. Gilbert ◽

Jane R. Matthews ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Positron Emission Tomography ◽

Glucose Metabolism ◽

Semantic Memory ◽

Memory Performance ◽

Emission Tomography ◽

Positron Emission Tomography Study ◽

Double Blind ◽

Positron Emission ◽

Transdermal Nicotine ◽

Regional Cerebral Glucose Metabolism

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Identification and memory for fear-relevant stimuli: Implicit memory performance of insect fearfuls favours fear-relevant pictures

Australian Journal of Psychology ◽

10.1080/00049539508257508 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 47 (2) ◽

pp. 105-109 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lynne M. Harris ◽

Roger D. Adams ◽

Ross G. Menzies ◽

Brett K. Hayes

Keyword(s):

Implicit Memory ◽

Memory Performance

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Conceptual Priming and Familiarity: Different Expressions of Memory during Recognition Testing with Distinct Neurophysiological Correlates

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience ◽

10.1162/jocn.2009.21341 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 22 (11) ◽

pp. 2638-2651 ◽

Cited By ~ 61

Author(s):

Joel L. Voss ◽

Heather D. Lucas ◽

Ken A. Paller

Keyword(s):

Implicit Memory ◽

Explicit Memory ◽

Neural Correlates ◽

Neural Responses ◽

Neural Signals ◽

Conceptual Information ◽

Conceptual Priming ◽

Familiarity And Recollection ◽

Recognition Testing ◽

Different Characteristics

Familiarity and recollection are qualitatively different explicit-memory phenomena evident during recognition testing. Investigations of the neurocognitive substrates of familiarity and recollection, however, have typically disregarded implicit-memory processes likely to be engaged during recognition tests. We reasoned that differential neural responses to old and new items in a recognition test may reflect either explicit or implicit memory. Putative neural correlates of familiarity in prior experiments, for example, may actually reflect contamination by implicit memory. In two experiments, we used obscure words that subjects could not formally define to tease apart electrophysiological correlates of familiarity and one form of implicit memory, conceptual priming. In Experiment 1, conceptual priming was observed for words only if they elicited meaningful associations. In Experiment 2, two distinct neural signals were observed in conjunction with familiarity-based recognition: late posterior potentials for words that both did and did not elicit meaningful associations and FN400 potentials only for the former. Given that symbolic meaning is a prerequisite for conceptual priming, the combined results specifically link late posterior potentials and FN400 potentials with familiarity and conceptual priming, respectively. These findings contradict previous interpretations of FN400 potentials as generic signals of familiarity and show that repeated stimuli in recognition tests can engender facilitated processing of conceptual information in addition to retrieval processing that leads to the awareness of memory retrieval. The different characteristics of the electrical markers of these two types of process further underscore the biological validity of the distinction between implicit memory and explicit memory.

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Semantic memory is both impaired and anomalous in schizophrenia

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291700026957 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 193-202 ◽

Cited By ~ 67

Author(s):

E. Y. H. Chen ◽

A. J. Wilkins ◽

P. J. McKenna

Keyword(s):

Reaction Time ◽

Semantic Memory ◽

Reaction Time Task ◽

Semantic Category ◽

Semantic Relationship ◽

Conceptual Category ◽

Ambiguous Words ◽

Schizophrenic Patients ◽

Speed And Accuracy ◽

Normal Controls

SynopsisThe integrity of semantic memory in schizophrenia was examined in a reaction time task requiring subjects to verify words as members or non-members of a conceptual category, where the words differed in their degree of semantic relationship to the category. Compared to matched normal controls, 28 schizophrenic patients were impaired on the task, showing slower responses in all conditions. In addition, their performance was anomalous in that they took longest to respond to items that were outside the category but semantically related to it, in contrast to the controls who took the longest to respond to ambiguous words at the borderline of the category. The pattern of ‘yes’ and ‘no’ responses of the patients was anomalous in a similar way. In both speed and accuracy of responding, the findings indicate that there is an outward shift of semantic category boundaries in schizophrenia.

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Spatial Orienting Controlled without Awareness: A Semantically Based Implicit Learning Effect

The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A ◽

10.1080/713755621 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 49 (2) ◽

pp. 490-518 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Anthony J. Lambert ◽

Alexander L. Sumich

Keyword(s):

Implicit Learning ◽

Spatial Attention ◽

Learning Effect ◽

Target Location ◽

Response Times ◽

Semantic Category ◽

Detection Task ◽

Word Target ◽

Spatial Orienting ◽

Predictive Relationship

Three experiments tested whether spatial attention can be influenced by a predictive relation between incidental information and the location of target events. Subjects performed a simple dot detection task; 600 msec prior to each target a word was presented briefly 5° to the left or right of fixation. There was a predictive relationship between the semantic category (living or non-living) of the words and target location. However, subjects were instructed to ignore the words, and a post-experiment questionnaire confirmed that they remained unaware of the word-target relationship. In all three experiments, given some practice on the task, response times were faster when targets appeared at likely ( p = 0.8), compared to unlikely ( p = 0.2) locations, in relation to lateral word category. Experiments 2 and 3 confirmed that this effect was driven by semantic encoding of the irrelevant words, and not by repetition of individual stimuli. Theoretical implications of this finding are discussed.

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Egocentric Navigation Abilities Predict Episodic Memory Performance

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience ◽

10.3389/fnhum.2020.574224 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 ◽

Author(s):

Giorgia Committeri ◽

Agustina Fragueiro ◽

Maria Maddalena Campanile ◽

Marco Lagatta ◽

Ford Burles ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Episodic Memory ◽

Semantic Memory ◽

Path Integration ◽

Medial Temporal Lobe ◽

Declarative Memory ◽

Memory Performance ◽

Memory Task ◽

Recognition Task ◽

Future Research ◽

Egocentric Navigation

The medial temporal lobe supports both navigation and declarative memory. On this basis, a theory of phylogenetic continuity has been proposed according to which episodic and semantic memories have evolved from egocentric (e.g., path integration) and allocentric (e.g., map-based) navigation in the physical world, respectively. Here, we explored the behavioral significance of this neurophysiological model by investigating the relationship between the performance of healthy individuals on a path integration and an episodic memory task. We investigated the path integration performance through a proprioceptive Triangle Completion Task and assessed episodic memory through a picture recognition task. We evaluated the specificity of the association between performance in these two tasks by including in the study design a verbal semantic memory task. We also controlled for the effect of attention and working memory and tested the robustness of the results by including alternative versions of the path integration and semantic memory tasks. We found a significant positive correlation between the performance on the path integration the episodic, but not semantic, memory tasks. This pattern of correlation was not explained by general cognitive abilities and persisted also when considering a visual path integration task and a non-verbal semantic memory task. Importantly, a cross-validation analysis showed that participants' egocentric navigation abilities reliably predicted episodic memory performance. Altogether, our findings support the hypothesis of a phylogenetic continuity between egocentric navigation and episodic memory and pave the way for future research on the potential causal role of egocentric navigation on multiple forms of episodic memory.

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Implicit knowledge and memory for musical stimuli in musicians and non-musicians

Psychology of Music ◽

10.1177/0305735619833456 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 48 (6) ◽

pp. 836-845

Author(s):

Lisa Thorpe ◽

Margaret Cousins ◽

Ros Bramwell

Keyword(s):

Implicit Memory ◽

Explicit Knowledge ◽

Implicit Knowledge ◽

Musical Structure ◽

Music Learning ◽

Monitoring Task ◽

Chord Sequence ◽

Priming Paradigm ◽

Phoneme Monitoring ◽

Musical Sequence

The phoneme monitoring task is a musical priming paradigm that demonstrates that both musicians and non-musicians have gained implicit understanding of prevalent harmonic structures. Little research has focused on implicit music learning in musicians and non-musicians. This current study aimed to investigate whether the phoneme monitoring task would identify any implicit memory differences between musicians and non-musicians. It focuses on both implicit knowledge of musical structure and implicit memory for specific musical sequences. Thirty-two musicians and non-musicians (19 female and 13 male) were asked to listen to a seven-chord sequence and decide as quickly as possible whether the final chord ended on the syllable /di/ or /du/. Overall, musicians were faster at the task, though non-musicians made more gains through the blocks of trials. Implicit memory for musical sequence was evident in both musicians and non-musicians. Both groups of participants reacted quicker to sequences that they had heard more than once but showed no explicit knowledge of the familiar sequences.

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Correlational analyses of explicit and implicit memory performance

Memory & Cognition ◽

10.3758/bf03199559 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 77-86 ◽

Cited By ~ 57

Author(s):

Pierre Perruchet ◽

Patrice Baveux

Keyword(s):

Implicit Memory ◽

Memory Performance

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Implicit Memory Performance of Patients With Alzheimer's Disease: A Brief Review

International Psychogeriatrics ◽

10.1017/s1041610295002134 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 385-392 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Marko Jelicic ◽

Annette E. Bonebakker ◽

Benno Bonke

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Implicit Memory ◽

Learning Experience ◽

Memory Performance ◽

Future Research ◽

Impaired Performance ◽

Conscious Recollection ◽

Previous Learning ◽

Normal Performance

Memory can be assessed with either explicit or implicit tasks. Implicit memory tasks, in contrast with explicit tasks, do not refer to conscious recollection of a previous learning experience. Implicit memory is revealed by a change in task performance that can be attributed to previous learning. Amnesic patients perform poorly on explicit memory tasks, but exhibit normal performance on implicit tasks. Recently, researchers have studied the implicit memory performance of patients with Alzheimer's disease. This article aims to give an overview of the performance of Alzheimer patients on four tasks of implicit memory. Compared with normal elderly controls, patients with Alzheimer's disease seem to demonstrate impaired performance on conceptual, but not on perceptual, implicit memory tasks. This dissociation could yield important information about the neurologic systems subserving implicit memory processes. Some suggestions for future research into the implicit memory of Alzheimer patients are given.

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