Identification and memory for fear-relevant stimuli: Implicit memory performance of insect fearfuls favours fear-relevant pictures

1995 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynne M. Harris ◽  
Roger D. Adams ◽  
Ross G. Menzies ◽  
Brett K. Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Memory ◽  
Memory Performance

scholarly journals Correlational analyses of explicit and implicit memory performance

1989 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Perruchet ◽  
Patrice Baveux
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Memory ◽  
Memory Performance

Implicit Memory Performance of Patients With Alzheimer's Disease: A Brief Review

1995 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marko Jelicic ◽  
Annette E. Bonebakker ◽  
Benno Bonke
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Implicit Memory ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Impaired Performance ◽  
Conscious Recollection ◽  
Previous Learning ◽  
Normal Performance

Memory can be assessed with either explicit or implicit tasks. Implicit memory tasks, in contrast with explicit tasks, do not refer to conscious recollection of a previous learning experience. Implicit memory is revealed by a change in task performance that can be attributed to previous learning. Amnesic patients perform poorly on explicit memory tasks, but exhibit normal performance on implicit tasks. Recently, researchers have studied the implicit memory performance of patients with Alzheimer's disease. This article aims to give an overview of the performance of Alzheimer patients on four tasks of implicit memory. Compared with normal elderly controls, patients with Alzheimer's disease seem to demonstrate impaired performance on conceptual, but not on perceptual, implicit memory tasks. This dissociation could yield important information about the neurologic systems subserving implicit memory processes. Some suggestions for future research into the implicit memory of Alzheimer patients are given.

Implicit Memory of Nonclinical Schizotypal Individuals

1995 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Richard Ferraro ◽  
Margaret Okerlund
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Implicit Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Serial Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Time Paradigm ◽  
New Associations ◽  
Serial Reaction ◽  
Nonclinical Sample

In the present study a form of implicit memory performance was examined by employing the serial reaction-time paradigm with a nonclinical sample of 22 hypothetically schizotypal college students and 22 nonschizotypal college students. The formation of new associations was tested; analysis showed no difference between these two groups on this measure of implicit memory.

scholarly journals Full versus divided attention and implicit memory performance

1997 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 764-771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gezinus Wolters ◽  
Arno Prinsen
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Memory ◽  
Divided Attention ◽  
Memory Performance

Implicit Relational Memory in Young and Older Adults

2007 ◽  
Vol 215 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilana T.Z. Dew ◽  
Ute J. Bayen ◽  
Kelly S. Giovanello
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Implicit Memory ◽  
Associative Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Relational Memory ◽  
Memory Research ◽  
New Associations ◽  
Associative Deficit ◽  
Theoretical Issues

Abstract. Older adults do not perform as well as young adults in explicit episodic memory tasks that require the formation and retrieval of new associations. Relatively few studies have investigated the effects of older adults' associative deficit on implicit-memory performance. After introducing the reader to the area of implicit-memory research at large, the authors review studies that have investigated young and older adults' performance in implicit associative memory tasks. Core theoretical issues and methodological challenges are discussed.

Effects of Delay on Color Priming for Natural Objects

2007 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 275-293
Author(s):  
David Vernon ◽  
Toby J. Lloyd-Jones
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Test Phase ◽  
Natural Objects ◽  
Color Priming ◽  
Study Test ◽  
Color Transformation

Using a standard study-test procedure, color priming was examined through effects of color transformation, from correctly colored to incorrectly colored and vice versa, for natural objects with pre-existing color-shape associations, e.g., yellow banana. More specifically these effects were examined at study-test delays of 0, 24, and 48 hr. When deciding whether an object was correctly colored, color transformation eliminated priming. Furthermore, there was evidence that for objects that were not transformed, priming was stronger for correctly as compared with incorrectly colored objects. In addition, the introduction of 24- and 48-hr. delays between the study and the test phase of the task reduced the effects of color transformation on priming. These findings are discussed in terms of the representations that mediate implicit memory performance.

The effects of divided attention on implicit and explicit memory performance

1996 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maureen Schmitter-Edgecombe
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Memory ◽  
Divided Attention ◽  
Explicit Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Rating Task ◽  
Attention Condition ◽  
Full Attention ◽  
Implicit And Explicit Memory ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThis study explored the nature of the relationship between attention available at learning and subsequent implicit and explicit memory performance. One hundred neurologically normal subjects rated their liking of target words on a five-point scale. Half of the subjects completed the word-rating task in a full attention condition and the other half performed the task in a divided attention condition. Following administration of the word-rating task, all subjects completed five memory tests, three implicit (category association, tachistoscopic identification, and perceptual clarification) and two explicit (semantic-cued recall and graphemic-cucd recall), each bearing on a different subset of the list of previously presented target words. The results revealed that subjects in the divided attention condition performed significantly more poorly than subjects in the full attention condition on the explicit memory measures. In contrast, there were no significant group differences in performance on the implicit memory measures. These findings suggest that the attention to an episode that is necessary to produce later explicit memory may differ from that necessary to produce unconscious influences. The relationship between implicit memory, neurologic injury, and automatic processes is discussed. (JINS, 1996, 2, 111–125.)

Semantic category differences in cross-form priming

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 796-805 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID GOLD ◽  
MARIO BEAUREGARD ◽  
ANDRE ROCH LECOURS ◽  
HOWARD CHERTKOW
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Memory ◽  
Semantic Memory ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Semantic Category ◽  
Conceptual Priming ◽  
Priming Paradigm ◽  
Neurologically Intact

Findings of category-specific impairments have suggested that human semantic memory may be organized around a living/nonliving dichotomy. In order to assess implicit memory performance for living and nonliving concepts, one group of neurologically intact individuals participated in a cross-form conceptual priming paradigm. In Block 1, pictures primed words while in Block 2 words were used to prime pictures. Across all phases of the experiment, subjects decided whether items represented something which was living or nonliving, and response times were recorded. Results revealed greater priming for living concepts across both blocks. Greater priming for living concepts may have occurred because of increased or prolonged conceptual activation of these concepts. Results are discussed in the context of theoretical accounts of the category-specific impairments observed in brain-damaged populations. (JINS, 2003, 9, 796–805.)

scholarly journals Dependence of Explicit and Implicit Memory on Hypnotic State in Trauma Patients 

1999 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 670-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gitta H. Lubke ◽  
Chantal Kerssens ◽  
Hans Phaf ◽  
Peter S. Sebel
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Implicit Memory ◽  
Bispectral Index ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Auditory Information ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Completion Test ◽  
Word Stem Completion ◽  
The Individual

Background It is still unclear whether memory of intraoperative events results entirely from moments of inadequate anesthesia. The current study was designed to determine whether the probability of memory declines with increasing depth of the hypnotic state. Method A list of words was played via headphones during surgery to patients who had suffered acute trauma. Several commonly used indicators of anesthetic effect, including the bispectral index, were recorded during word presentation. First, these indicators served as predictors of the memory performance in a postoperative word stem completion test. Second, general memory performance observed in the first part was separated into explicit and implicit memory using the process dissociation procedure, and then two models of memory were compared: One model assumed that the probability of explicit and implicit memory decreases with increasing depth of hypnotic state (individual differences model), whereas the other assumed equal memory performance for all patients regardless of their level of hypnotic state. Results General memory performance declined with decreasing bispectral index values. None of the other indicators of hypnotic state were related to general memory performance. Memory was still significant at bispectral index levels between 60 and 40. A comparison of the two models of memory resulted in a better fit of the individual differences model, thus providing evidence of a dependence of explicit and implicit memory on the hypnotic state. Quantification of explicit and implicit memory revealed a significant implicit but no reliable explicit memory performance. Conclusions This study clearly indicates that memory is related to the depth of hypnosis. The observed memory performance should be interpreted in terms of implicit memory. Auditory information processing occurred at bispectral index levels between 60 and 40.

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