Impaired Response Inhibition in Autism Spectrum Disorders, a Marker of Vulnerability to Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders?

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 646-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra S. Barneveld ◽  
Leo de Sonneville ◽  
Sophie van Rijn ◽  
Herman van Engeland ◽  
Hanna Swaab
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Interference Control ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Control Response ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Adolescents With Asd

AbstractIn this study, we addressed the relation between specific deficits in cognitive control and schizotypal symptomatology in adolescents with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) diagnosed in childhood. We aimed to identify cognitive control deficits as markers of vulnerability to the development of schizophrenia spectrum pathology in ASD. Symptoms of autism and the risk for schizotypal symptomatology were assessed in 29 high-functioning adolescents with ASD, and compared with 40 typically developing adolescents. Cognitive control (response inhibition, mental flexibility, visuo-motor control, interference control, and perseveration) was evaluated for specific association with schizotypal symptomatology. Impaired response inhibition appeared to be strongly and specifically associated with schizotypal symptomatology in adolescents with ASD, especially those with positive and disorganized symptoms. Response inhibition problems could indicate vulnerability to the development of schizotypal symptomatology in ASD. (JINS, 2013, 19, 1–10)

Prevalence of Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders in Average-IQ Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Meta-analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 239-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Lugo Marín ◽  
Montserrat Alviani Rodríguez-Franco ◽  
Vinita Mahtani Chugani ◽  
María Magán Maganto ◽  
Emiliano Díez Villoria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Adults With Autism ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

Categorical Perception of Pitch Contours and Voice Onset Time in Mandarin-Speaking Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorders

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Fei Chen ◽  
Gang Peng
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Categorical Perception ◽  
Voice Onset Time ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Language Ability ◽  
Lexical Tones ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Adolescents With Asd

Purpose Previous studies have shown enhanced pitch and impaired time perception in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). However, it remains unclear whether such deviated patterns of auditory processing depending on acoustic dimensions would transfer to the higher level linguistic pitch and time processing. In this study, we compared the categorical perception (CP) of lexical tones and voice onset time (VOT) in Mandarin Chinese, which utilize pitch and time changes, respectively, to convey phonemic contrasts. Method The data were collected from 22 Mandarin-speaking adolescents with ASD and 20 age-matched neurotypical controls. In addition to the identification and discrimination tasks to test CP performance, all the participants were evaluated with their language ability and phonological working memory. Linear mixed-effects models were constructed to evaluate the identification and discrimination scores across different groups and conditions. Results The basic CP pattern of cross-boundary benefit when perceiving both native lexical tones and VOT was largely preserved in high-functioning adolescents with ASD. The degree of CP of lexical tones in ASD was similar to that in typical controls, whereas the degree of CP of VOT in ASD was greatly reduced. Furthermore, the degree of CP of lexical tones correlated with language ability and digit span in ASD participants. Conclusions These findings suggest that the unbalanced acoustic processing capacities for pitch and time can be generalized to the higher level linguistic processing in ASD. Furthermore, the higher degree of CP of lexical tones correlated with better language ability in Mandarin-speaking individuals with ASD.

scholarly journals An Investigation of Behavioural and Self-Reported Cognitive Empathy Deficits in Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorders and Adolescents With Behavioural Difficulties

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara P. Vilas ◽  
Renate L. E. P. Reniers ◽  
Amanda K. Ludlow
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Antisocial Behaviour ◽  
Cognitive Empathy ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Empathic Accuracy ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Behavioural Difficulties ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Report Measure ◽  
Adolescents With Asd

Deficits in empathy have been considered hallmarks in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) but are also considered to underlie antisocial behaviour associated with individuals with callous unemotional traits (CU). Research has suggested that individuals with autism spectrum disorders show more difficulties with cognitive empathy, and that individuals diagnosed with behaviours difficulties, characterised by CU traits and antisocial behaviour, demonstrate low affective empathy. In the current manuscript we present findings of two studies. The first study describes the validation of a new stimulus set developed for the empathic accuracy task, focused on its cognitive component. The second study compares the performance of 27 adolescents with ASD, 27 age matched typically developing adolescents and 17 adolescents with behavioural difficulties on the empathic accuracy task and a self-report measure of empathy. While, no differences were observed between the three groups across the empathy accuracy task, the adolescents with ASD and CD showed deficits in their cognitive empathy across the self-report measure. Adolescents with ASD showed lower scores in particularly their perspective taking abilities, whereas the adolescences with behavioural difficulties showed more difficulties with their online simulation. No differences in self-reported affective empathy across the three groups were observed. Clinical implications of the findings are discussed.

scholarly journals Re-directing Climate Change and Terrorism by Allying Classical with Quantum Neural Computing

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Antonio Cassella
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Shared Knowledge ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Neural Computing ◽  
Shared Beliefs ◽  
Quantum Capacity ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
The Social ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

Before the turn of the 21st century, terrorism and climate change may cause the breakdown of civilization. The cause of this advancing upheaval is the disparity between scientific ascent and social descent. This paper explores the social values hidden in sacred texts and artistic masterpieces through a debatable view of an impaired capacity for renewing familiar reality in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), as well as an impaired ability to preserve shared beliefs in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders (SSD). The author posits that we will overcome the challenges unleashed by fundamentalism and global warming if we bolster the alliance of a) our quantum capacity for renovating shared knowledge with our classical ability to preserve it and of b) our appreciation of beauty with a humanistic use of science.

scholarly journals The influence of autistic symptoms on social and non-social cognition and on real-life functioning in people with schizophrenia: Evidence from the Italian Network for Research on Psychoses multicenter study

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Vita ◽  
Stefano Barlati ◽  
Giacomo Deste ◽  
Paola Rocca ◽  
Alessandro Rossi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Multicenter Study ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Relevant Role ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

Abstract Background Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs), although conceptualized as separate entities, may share some clinical and neurobiological features. ASD symptoms may have a relevant role in determining a more severe clinical presentation of schizophrenic disorder but their relationships with cognitive aspects and functional outcomes of the disease remain to be addressed in large samples of individuals. Aims To investigate the clinical, cognitive, and functional correlates of ASD symptoms in a large sample of people diagnosed with schizophrenia. Methods The severity of ASD symptoms was measured with the PANSS Autism Severity Scale (PAUSS) in 921 individuals recruited for the Italian Network for Research on Psychoses multicenter study. Based on the PAUSS scores, three groups of subjects were compared on a wide array of cognitive and functional measures. Results Subjects with more severe ASD symptoms showed a poorer performance in the processing speed (p = 0.010), attention (p = 0.011), verbal memory (p = 0.035), and social cognition (p = 0.001) domains, and an overall lower global cognitive composite score (p = 0.010). Subjects with more severe ASD symptoms also showed poorer functional capacity (p = 0.004), real-world interpersonal relationships (p < 0.001), and participation in community-living activities (p < 0.001). Conclusions These findings strengthen the notion that ASD symptoms may have a relevant impact on different aspects of the disease, crucial to the life of people with schizophrenia. Prominent ASD symptoms may characterize a specific subpopulation of individuals with SSD.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document