Attention Difficulties in a Contemporary Geographic Cohort of Adolescents Born Extremely Preterm/Extremely Low Birth Weight

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 1097-1108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Wilson-Ching ◽  
Carly S. Molloy ◽  
Vicki A. Anderson ◽  
Alice Burnett ◽  
Gehan Roberts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
Attention Problems ◽  
Extremely Low Birth Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Normal Birth ◽  
Health Insurance Status ◽  
Extremely Preterm ◽  
Attention Difficulties

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate attention difficulties in a contemporary geographic cohort of adolescents born extremely preterm (EP, <28 weeks’ gestation) or extremely low birth weight (ELBW, birth weight <1000 g). The EP/ELBW group included 228 adolescents (mean age = 17.0 years) born in Victoria, Australia in 1991 and 1992. The control group were 166 adolescents (mean age = 17.4 years) born of normal birth weight (birth weight >2499 g) who were recruited in the newborn period and matched to the EP/ELBW group on date of birth, gender, language spoken and health insurance status. Participants were assessed on measures of selective, sustained, and executive (shift and divided) attention, and parents and participants completed behavioral reports. The EP/ELBW group performed more poorly across tests of selective and executive attention, had greater rates of clinically significant difficulties compared with the control group, and also had greater behavioral attention problems as reported by parents. Neonatal risk factors were weakly associated with attention outcomes. In conclusion, higher rates of attention impairments are observed in individuals born EP/ELBW well into adolescence and may have consequences for their transition to adulthood. (JINS, 2013,19, 1–12)

Attention Problems in a Representative Sample of Extremely Preterm/Extremely Low Birth Weight Children

2011 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Anderson ◽  
Cinzia R. De Luca ◽  
Esther Hutchinson ◽  
Megan M. Spencer-Smith ◽  
Gehan Roberts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Attention Problems ◽  
Extremely Low Birth Weight ◽  
Extremely Preterm ◽  
Low Birth Weight Children

scholarly journals Cognitive Outcomes for Extremely Preterm/Extremely Low Birth Weight Children in Kindergarten

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 1067-1079 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leah J. Orchinik ◽  
H. Gerry Taylor ◽  
Kimberly Andrews Espy ◽  
Nori Minich ◽  
Nancy Klein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Cognitive Outcomes ◽  
Extremely Low Birth Weight ◽  
Normal Birth ◽  
Extremely Preterm ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Impairment ◽  
Verbal Knowledge

AbstractOur objectives were to examine cognitive outcomes for extremely preterm/extremely low birth weight (EPT/ELBW, gestational age <28 weeks and/or birth weight <1000 g) children in kindergarten and the associations of these outcomes with neonatal factors, early childhood neurodevelopmental impairment, and socioeconomic status (SES). The sample comprised a hospital-based 2001–2003 birth cohort of 148 EPT/ELBW children (mean birth weight 818 g; mean gestational age 26 weeks) and a comparison group of 111 term-born normal birth weight (NBW) classmate controls. Controlling for background factors, the EPT/ELBW group had pervasive deficits relative to the NBW group on a comprehensive test battery, with rates of cognitive deficits that were 3 to 6 times higher in the EPT/ELBW group. Deficits on a measure of response inhibition were found in 48% versus 10%, odds ratio (95% confidence interval) = 7.32 (3.32, 16.16),p< .001. Deficits on measures of executive function and motor and perceptual-motor abilities were found even when controlling for acquired verbal knowledge. Neonatal risk factors, early neurodevelopmental impairment, and lower SES were associated with higher rates of deficits within the EPT/ELBW group. The findings document both global and selective cognitive deficits in EPT/ELBW children at school entry and justify efforts at early identification and intervention. (JINS, 2011,17, 1067–1079)

scholarly journals Resilience in Extremely Preterm/Extremely Low Birth Weight Kindergarten Children

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (04) ◽  
pp. 362-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Gerry Taylor ◽  
Nori Minich ◽  
Mark Schluchter ◽  
Kimberly Andrews Espy ◽  
Nancy Klein
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Family Characteristics ◽  
Kindergarten Children ◽  
Extremely Low Birth Weight ◽  
Normal Birth ◽  
Extremely Preterm ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Impairment

AbstractObjectives: Research on developmental outcomes of preterm birth has traditionally focused on adverse effects. This study investigated the prevalence and correlates of resilience in 146 extremely preterm/extremely low birth weight (EPT/ELBW) children (gestational age &lt;28 weeks and/or birth weight &lt;1000 g) attending kindergarten and 111 term-born normal birth weight (NBW) controls. Methods: Adaptive competence (i.e., “resilience” in the EPT/ELBW group) was defined by scores within grade expectations on achievement tests and the absence of clinically elevated parent ratings of child behavior problems. The “adaptive” children who met these criteria were compared to the “maladaptive” children who did not on child and family characteristics. Additional analyses were conducted to assess the conjoint effects of group (ELBW vs. NBW) and family factors on adaptive competence. Results: A substantial minority of the EPT/ELBW group (45%) were competent compared to a majority of NBW controls (73%), odds ratio (95% confidence interval)=0.26 (0.15, 0.45), p&lt;.001. Adaptive competence was associated with higher cognitive skills, more favorable ratings of behavior and learning not used to define adaptive competence, and more advantaged family environments in both groups, as well as with a lower rate of earlier neurodevelopmental impairment in the EPT/ELBW group. Higher socioeconomic status and more favorable proximal home environments were associated with competence independent of group, and group differences in competence persisted across the next two school years. Conclusions: The findings document resilience in kindergarten children with extreme prematurity and highlight the role of environmental factors as potential influences on outcome. (JINS, 2019, 25, 362–374)

scholarly journals Autonomic Functioning in Young Adults Born at Extremely Low Birth Weight

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 2333794X1558956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen J. Mathewson ◽  
Ryan J. Van Lieshout ◽  
Saroj Saigal ◽  
Katherine M. Morrison ◽  
Michael H. Boyle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Extremely Low Birth Weight ◽  
Principal Mechanism ◽  
Normal Birth ◽  
Autonomic Functioning ◽  
Extremely Preterm

Autonomic functioning is altered in infants born at extremely low birth weight (ELBW; <1000 g), but we know little about how such alterations manifest in adulthood. We examined associations between birth weight and resting heart rate (R-R interval), high-frequency (HF) and low-frequency (LF) heart rate variability, and systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure, in 60 participants (ages 22-26) born at ELBW and free of major neurosensory impairment, and 79 controls born at normal birth weight (NBW; >2500 g). HF in the smallest-born ELBW participants was significantly lower than in NBW controls. In both groups, greater birth weight was associated with higher HF. Among ELBW survivors, lower birth weight predicted faster heart rate and higher DBP, but neither heart rate nor DBP appeared to be well-coordinated with baroreflex activity (LF), the principal mechanism for short-term blood pressure regulation. Adult autonomic regulation may be significantly altered in those born extremely preterm.

scholarly journals Microstructural Measures of the Inferior Longitudinal Fasciculus Predict Later Cognitive and Language Development in Infants Born With Extremely Low Birth Weight

2021 ◽  
pp. 088307382110198
Author(s):  
Matthew C. Bugada ◽  
Julia E. Kline ◽  
Nehal A. Parikh
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Tensor Imaging ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Language Development ◽  
Fractional Anisotropy ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Structural Mri ◽  
Extremely Low Birth Weight ◽  
Extremely Preterm ◽  
Inferior Longitudinal Fasciculus

Objective: Extremely preterm children are at high risk for adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. Identifying predictors of discrete developmental outcomes early in life would allow for targeted neuroprotective therapies when neuroplasticity is at its peak. Our goal was to examine whether diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) metrics of the inferior longitudinal and uncinate fasciculi early in life could predict later cognitive and language outcomes. Study Design: In this pilot study, 43 extremely low-birth-weight preterm infants were scanned using diffusion MRI at term-equivalent age. White matter tracts were assessed via diffusion tensor imaging metrics of fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity. The Language and Cognitive subscale scores of the Bayley Scales of Infant & Toddler Development-III at 18-22 months corrected age were our outcomes of interest. Multiple linear regression models were created to assess diffusion metrics of the inferior longitudinal and uncinate fasciculi as predictors of Bayley scores. We controlled for brain injury score on structural MRI, maternal education, birth weight, and age at MRI scan. Results: Of the 43 infants, 36 infants had high-quality diffusion tensor imaging and returned for developmental testing. The fractional anisotropy of the inferior longitudinal fasciculus was associated with Bayley-III scores in univariate analyses and was an independent predictor of Bayley-III cognitive and language development over and above known predictors in multivariable analyses. Conclusions: Incorporating new biomarkers such as the fractional anisotropy of the inferior longitudinal fasciculus with structural MRI findings could enhance accuracy of neurodevelopment predictive models. Additional research is needed to validate our findings in a larger cohort.

scholarly journals Behavior Disorders in Extremely Preterm/Extremely Low Birth Weight Children in Kindergarten

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 202-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan N. Scott ◽  
H. Gerry Taylor ◽  
Mary A. Fristad ◽  
Nancy Klein ◽  
Kimberly Andrews Espy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Behavior Disorders ◽  
Extremely Low Birth Weight ◽  
Extremely Preterm ◽  
Low Birth Weight Children
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