A simple method for artificial infection of tsetse, Glossina Morsitans Morsitans larvae with the dna virus of G. Pallidipes

There was a significant positive correlation between protein content and the amounts of trypsin and carboxypeptidase B (CPB) in the digestive portion of the midgut of Glossina morsitans morsitans, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h after feeding on a rabbit. CPB and trypsin activity were also positively correlated. Trypsin and CPB production were stimulated, to varying degrees, by bovine serum albumin (BSA), α-globulin, β-globulin, γ-globulin, and haemoglobin; the greatest response was to BSA. Peptides derived from BSA by trypsin cleavage also stimulated production of trypsin and CPB.

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Turbulent plumes of heat, moist heat, and carbon dioxide elicit upwind anemotaxis in tsetse flies Glossina morsitans morsitans Westwood (Diptera: Glossinidae)

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z02-101 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 80 (7) ◽

pp. 1149-1155 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

W G Evans ◽

R H Gooding

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Wind Tunnel ◽

Relative Humidity ◽

Glossina Morsitans Morsitans ◽

Tsetse Flies ◽

Glossina Morsitans ◽

Low Velocity ◽

Upwind Flight ◽

Moist Heat ◽

Heated Air

The roles and interactions of turbulent plumes of heat, moist heat, and carbon dioxide in mediating upwind flight of adult tsetse flies (Glossina morsitans morsitans Westwood) were investigated using a wind tunnel in a constant-environment chamber. Heat fluctuations in the plume that were detected by a thermocouple and displayed as oscilloscope traces allowed direct visualization of the structures of the plumes. Significantly more flies flew upwind when exposed to plumes of (i) carbon dioxide (0.0051% above background) and air (58% relative humidity) compared with air alone; (ii) carbon dioxide and heated air (35% relative humidity and temperature fluctuating up to 0.09°C above background) compared with carbon dioxide and air; and (iii) carbon dioxide and moist (82% relative humidity) heated air (temperature fluctuating up to 0.05°C above background) compared with carbon dioxide and heated air. However, there were no significant differences in upwind flight of flies exposed to plumes of (i) air compared with humidified air (65% relative humidity); (ii) carbon dioxide and heated air compared with heated air alone; and (iii) carbon dioxide and moist heated air compared with moist heated air alone. Recorded temperature fluctuations in heat plumes transported downwind from a tethered steer in a pasture showed patterns similar to those produced in the wind-tunnel plumes. These results suggest that host emissions of carbon dioxide alone and combined heat and moisture carried downwind by low-velocity winds elicit upwind anemotaxis in tsetse flies, which distinguish these emissions from a background of lower atmospheric levels.

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Trypanosome infections and survival in tsetse

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182000084912 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 116 (S1) ◽

pp. S23-S28 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

I. Maudlin ◽

S. C. Welburn ◽

P. J. M. Milligan

Keyword(s):

Salivary Gland ◽

Salivary Glands ◽

Trypanosoma Brucei ◽

Glossina Morsitans Morsitans ◽

Trypanosoma Congolense ◽

Vectorial Capacity ◽

Trypanosome Infection ◽

Trypanosoma Brucei Rhodesiense ◽

Glossina Morsitans ◽

Differential Effects

SummaryThe effect of trypanosome infection on vector survival was observed in a line of Glossina morsitans morsitans selected for susceptibility to trypanosome infection. The differential effects of midgut and salivary gland infections on survival were examined by exposing flies to infection with either Trypanosoma congolense which colonizes midgut and mouthparts or Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense which colonizes midgut and salivary glands. A comparison of the survival distributions of uninfected flies with those exposed to infection showed that salivary gland infection significantly reduces tsetse survival; midgut infection had little or no effect on the survival of tsetse. The significance of these findings is discussed in relation to the vectorial capacity of wild flies.

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Responses of tsetse flies (Diptera: Glossinidae) to odour-baited trees

Bulletin of Entomological Research ◽

10.1017/s0007485300033605 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 81 (3) ◽

pp. 323-331 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

G. A. Vale

Keyword(s):

Field Studies ◽

Glossina Morsitans Morsitans ◽

Tsetse Flies ◽

Glossina Morsitans ◽

Free Standing ◽

Model Trees ◽

Clear Effect

AbstractField studies in Zimbabwe elucidated how trees might be enhanced as baits for controlling Glossina morsitans morsitans Westwood and G. pallidipes Austen. Catches from electrocuting devices at the bases of trees were near nil when sampling tsetse flies landing on the trunk but much greater when sampling them flying within 1 m of the trunk. Catches increased 5–8 times when 2 m2 of the trunk were blackened and given odour of acetone, 1-octen-3-ol, 3-n-propyl phenol and 4-methyl phenol, but were still only ca. 30% of the catches from an odour-baited, free-standing, 1 × 1 m screen of black cloth. The upright trunk of real and model trees hindered their attractiveness but leaves and branches 5 m above ground had no clear effect. Real and artificial stumps of trees were as effective as the screen if they were 1 m2, compact and sharply outlined. The practical and biological implications of the results are discussed, with particular reference to the use of insecticide-treated netting with modified tree stumps as baits for control.

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