Paralonchothrix gen. nov., the first record of Echimyini (Rodentia, Octodontoidea) in the late Miocene of Southern South America

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Pedro PIÑERO ◽  
A. Itatí OLIVARES ◽  
Diego H. VERZI ◽  
Victor H. CONTRERAS
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Late Miocene ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
First Record ◽  
Northwestern Argentina ◽  
Southern South America ◽  
Evolutionary Pattern ◽  
Minimum Age ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACT Echimyidae is the most widely diversified family among hystricognath rodents, both in the number of species and variety of lifestyles. In the Patagonian Subregion of southern South America, extinct echimyids related to living arboreal species (Echimyini) are recorded up to the middle Miocene, whereas all the known southern fossils since the late Miocene are linked to terrestrial and fossorial lineages currently inhabiting the Chacoan open biome in eastern South America. In this work, we describe a new genus of echimyid rodent, Paralonchothrix gen. nov., from the late Miocene of northwestern Argentina and western Brazil. Its single recognised species, Paralonchothrix ponderosus comb. nov., is represented by two hemimandibles. One of them comes from a level of Loma de Las Tapias Formation, underlying a tuff dated at 7.0 ± 0.9 Ma (Huayquerian age, late Miocene); the other specimen comes from the ‘Araucanense’ of Valle de Santa María (type locality, Huayquerian age, late Miocene). A phylogenetic analysis linked Paralonchothrix to Lonchothrix, both being the sister group to Mesomys. Thereby, for the first time, an echimyid linked to living Amazonian arboreal clades is recognised for the late Miocene of southern South America. Paralonchothrix gen. nov. thus represents an exceptional record that raises the need to review the postulated evolutionary pattern for echimyids recorded at high latitudes since the late Miocene. The new genus provides a minimum age (ca.7 Ma) in the fossil record for the divergence between Mesomys and Lonchothrix. The palaeoenvironmental conditions inferred for the late Miocene in western and northwestern Argentina suggest savanna-type environments, with areas with more closed woodlands in peri-Andean valleys. The record of Paralonchothrix gen. nov. supports the hypothesis that this area would have maintained connections with tropical biomes of northern South America during the late Miocene.

Description of Almafuerte, a new genus of ground spiders from South America (Araneae, Gnaphosidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4338 (2) ◽  
pp. 263 ◽  
Author(s):  
CRISTIAN J. GRISMADO ◽  
NICOLÁS LÓPEZ CARRIÓN
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
New Taxa ◽  
Type Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Santa Fe ◽  
Southern South America ◽  
Central Argentina ◽  
First Time

A new genus of gnaphosid spiders, Almafuerte, gen. nov., is described for seven species from Southern South America. The new genus is diagnosed by a conspicuous retrolateral tegular projection on the male palp, and by having three teeth on the cheliceral retromargin. It comprises six species from Argentina, A. peripampasica sp. nov. (type species), from Central Argentina, also present in Uruguay, A. kuru sp. nov., from Santiago del Estero, A. vigorosa sp. nov., from Corrientes, A. goloboffi sp. nov., from Salta and Jujuy, A. remota sp. nov., from Santiago del Estero and Mendoza, and A. giaii (Gerschman & Schiapelli) comb. nov., here transferred from Echemus, from Santa Fe (the female is here described by the first time); and one species from Bolivia, A. facon sp. nov., from Cochabamba. Hypotheses of relationships of the new taxa are briefly discussed, in the context of the previously proposed groupings: the subfamilies Echeminae and Drassodinae (sensu Platnick 1990) and the “Echemus group” (sensu Murphy 2007). 

Additions to the Placopsis mycobiota (Trapeliaceae, Ascomycota) of southern South America, with notes on new records (including Aspiciliopsis macrophthalma), and a revised regional key to the species

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 727-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. GALLOWAY
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
New Records ◽  
Southern South America ◽  
First Time

AbstractAspiciliopsis macrophthalma, Placopsis fusciduloides, P. gelidioides and P. tararuana are reported for the first time from southern South America. New records for 13 species of Placopsis in southern South America are reported, and a revised key to 22 species of Placopsis and A. macrophthalma in the region is given.

Revised circumscription of Nothofagus and recognition of the segregate genera Fuscospora, Lophozonia, and Trisyngyne (Nothofagaceae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 146 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER B. HEENAN ◽  
ROB D. SMISSEN
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
South America ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
New Genus ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Southern South America ◽  
Dna Sequence Data

The generic taxonomy of the Nothofagaceae is revised. We present a new phylogenetic analysis of morphological characters and map these characters onto a recently published phylogenetic tree obtained from DNA sequence data. Results of these and previous analyses strongly support the monophyly of four clades of Nothofagaceae that are currently treated as subgenera of Nothofagus. The four clades of Nothofagaceae are robust and well-supported, with deep stem divergences, have evolutionary equivalence with other genera of Fagales, and can be circumscribed with morphological characters. We argue that these morphological and molecular differences are sufficient for the four clades of Nothofagaceae to be recognised at the primary rank of genus, and that this classification will be more informative and efficient than the currently circumscribed Nothofagus with four subgenera.        Nothofagus is recircumscribed to include five species from southern South America, Lophozonia and Trisyngyne are reinstated, and the new genus Fuscospora is described. Fuscospora and Lophozonia, with six and seven species respectively, occur in New Zealand, southern South America and Australia. Trisyngyne comprises 25 species from New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea and Indonesia. New combinations are provided where necessary in each of these genera.

scholarly journals First record of the invasive bee Anthidium manicatum (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) in Chile

2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Miguel Montalva ◽  
Mauro Ríos ◽  
Felipe Vivallo
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
New Record ◽  
Ecological Niche ◽  
First Record ◽  
Ecological Niche Model ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Niche Model ◽  
Invasive Range ◽  
First Time ◽  
Anthidium Manicatum

The Palearctic wool carder bee Anthidium manicatum (Linnaeus) is recorded for the first time in Chile based on eight specimens collected on Lavandula sp. (Lamiaceae) in San Bernardo, Metropolitan Region.  This new record expands the invasive range of this species in South America, confirming previous predictions based on an ecological niche model.

Flabelloporina, a new genus in the Porinaceae (Ascomycota, Ostropales), with the first record of F. squamulifera from Brazil

Phytotaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 358 (1) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
PRISCYLLA NAYARA BEZERRA SOBREIRA ◽  
MARCELA EUGENIA DA SILVA CÁCERES ◽  
LEONOR COSTA MAIA ◽  
ROBERT LÜCKING
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
New Genus ◽  
First Record ◽  
Lichenized Fungi ◽  
New Combination ◽  
The Family ◽  
First Time

A new genus of lichenized fungi of the family Porinaceae is described, known from Costa Rica and Brazil. Flabelloporina Sobreira, M. Cáceres & Lücking is a thus far monospecific genus with an isolated position of its only species in the family, morphologically different from all other genera in Porinaceae. The genus is characterized by the production of numerous, flabelliform squamules on the surface of the thallus, together with black perithecia and transversally septate ascospores (with three septa in the only species). The new combination Flabelloporina squamulifera (Breuss, Lücking & Navarro) Sobreira, M. Cáceres & Lücking is proposed, based on Porina squamulifera Breuss, Lücking & Navarro, and the species is for the first time reported from Brazil.

The bee genus Psaenythia in northern South America (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 157 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-167
Author(s):  
Michael S. Engel ◽  
Diego A. Guevara ◽  
Rodulfo Ospina-Torres ◽  
Victor H. Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South America ◽  
Southern South America ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Northern South America ◽  
First Time

The diverse bee genus Psaenythia Gerstaecker (Panurginae, Protandrenini), hitherto known from central and southern South America, is recorded from northern South America for the first time. Two new species are described: Psaenythia diceratops, sp. n., from northeastern Colombia, and P. guaricoensis, sp. n., from central Venezuela. The males of P. diceratops are noteworthy for possessing prominent apicolateral clypeal horns, elongate scythe-like mandibles, and displaying macrocephaly with strong dimorphism. Keywords: Andrenidae, Anthophila, Apoidea, Panurginae, taxonomy, Neotropical

Sandsitermes gen. nov., a new nasute termite genus from South America (Isoptera, Termitidae, Nasutitermitinae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4221 (5) ◽  
pp. 562
Author(s):  
CAROLINA CUEZZO ◽  
ELIANA M. CANCELLO ◽  
TIAGO F. CARRIJO
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Taxonomic Decision ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Worker Castes ◽  
First Time

We establish herein a new genus of Neotropical termites of the subfamily Nasutitermitinae, Sandsitermes gen. nov.. The new genus accommodates a previously described species, Nasutitermes robustus (Holmgren), and is diagnosed by worker characters, including the mandibles, the gut-coiling configuration in situ, and the pattern of cushions and spines of the enteric valve. We characterized and illustrated the imago for the first time and redescribe the soldier and worker castes of Sandsitermes robustus gen. et comb. nov. from syntypes and other samples from eastern Peru. We support our taxonomic decision, presenting morphological differences between the gut pattern and enteric valve of S. robustus and 13 neotropical Nasutitermes species studied for this report, and discuss possible relationships with other neotropical nasute termites. 

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