scholarly journals Genetic and Environmental Influences on Smoking Behavior across Adolescence and Young Adulthood in the Virginia Twin Study of Adolescent Behavioral Development and the Transitions to Substance Abuse Follow-Up

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth K. Do ◽  
Elizabeth C. Prom-Wormley ◽  
Lindon J. Eaves ◽  
Judy L. Silberg ◽  
Donna R. Miles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Twin Study ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Smoking Initiation ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Adolescence And Young Adulthood ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
The Relationship

Little is known regarding the underlying relationship between smoking initiation and current quantity smoked during adolescence into young adulthood. It is possible that the influences of genetic and environmental factors on this relationship vary across sex and age. To investigate this further, the current study applied a common causal contingency model to data from a Virginia-based twin study to determine: (1) if the same genetic and environmental factors are contributing to smoking initiation and current quantity smoked; (2) whether the magnitude of genetic and environmental factor contributions are the same across adolescence and young adulthood; and (3) if qualitative and quantitative differences in the sources of variance between males and females exist. Study results found no qualitative or quantitative sex differences in the relationship between smoking initiation and current quantity smoked, though relative contributions of genetic and environmental factors changed across adolescence and young adulthood. More specifically, smoking initiation and current quantity smoked remain separate constructs until young adulthood, when liabilities are correlated. Smoking initiation is explained by genetic, shared, and unique environmental factors in early adolescence and by genetic and unique environmental factors in young adulthood; while current quantity smoked is explained by shared environmental and unique environmental factors until young adulthood, when genetic and unique environmental factors play a larger role.

scholarly journals Risk Factors Influencing Smoking Behavior: A Turkish Twin Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 563-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sevgi Yurt Öncel ◽  
Danielle M. Dick ◽  
Hermine H. Maes ◽  
Fazil Alıev
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Twin Study ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Environmental Influence ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Smoking Initiation ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Shared Environmental Influence

Aim: In this study, we introduce the first twin study in Turkey, focusing on smoking behavior, and laying the foundation to register all twins born in Turkey for research purposes. Using Turkish twins will contribute to our understanding of health problems in the context of cultural differences. Materials and methods: We assessed 309 twin pairs (339 males and 279 females) aged between 15 and 45 years living in the Kırıkkale and Ankara regions of Turkey, and administered a health and lifestyle interview that included questions about smoking status and smoking history. We analyzed the data using descriptive statistics, t-tests, chi-square tests, and bivariate and multivariate clustered logistic regression. In addition, we fit bivariate Structural Equation Models (SEM) to determine contributions of latent genetic and environmental factors to smoking outcomes in this sample. Results: One hundred seventy-eight participants (28.8%) were identified as smokers, smoking every day for a month or longer, of whom 79.2% were males and 20.8% were females. Mean values for number of cigarettes per day and the Fagerstrom Test of Nicotine Dependence (FTND; Fagerstrom, 1978) score were higher in males than in females, and age of onset was earlier in males. There was a significant positive correlation between the FTND score and number of cigarettes smoked per day, and a significant negative correlation between both variables and age at onset of smoking. Our study showed that gender, presence of a smoking twin in the family, age, alcohol use, marital status, daily sports activities, and feeling moody all played a significant role in smoking behavior among twins. The twin analysis suggested that 79.5% of the liability to FTND was influenced by genetic factors and 20.5% by unique environment, while familial resemblance for smoking initiation was best explained by common environmental factors. Conclusions: Marked differences in the prevalence of smoking behavior in men versus women were observed for the Turkish population. Genetic analyses showed that common environmental factors primarily contributed to smoking initiation, while genetic factors explained a greater proportion of variance in liability to nicotine dependence. Our study shows higher heritability estimate of the FTND scores and higher shared environmental influence on smoking initiation for both males and females than reported in previous studies.

scholarly journals Cross-Cultural Comparison of Genetic and Cultural Transmission of Smoking Initiation Using an Extended Twin Kinship Model

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hermine H. Maes ◽  
Kate Morley ◽  
Michael C. Neale ◽  
Kenneth S. Kendler ◽  
Andrew C. Heath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Assortative Mating ◽  
Cultural Transmission ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Smoking Initiation ◽  
Shared Environment ◽  
Adoption Studies ◽  
Genes And Environment ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

Background: Considerable evidence from twin and adoption studies indicates that genetic and shared environmental factors play a role in the initiation of smoking behavior. Although twin and adoption designs are powerful to detect genetic and environmental influences, they do not provide information on the processes of assortative mating and parent–offspring transmission and their contribution to the variability explained by genetic and/or environmental factors. Methods: We examined the role of genetic and environmental factors in individual differences for smoking initiation (SI) using an extended kinship design. This design allows the simultaneous testing of additive and non-additive genetic, shared and individual-specific environmental factors, as well as sex differences in the expression of genes and environment in the presence of assortative mating and combined genetic and cultural transmission, while also estimating the regression of the prevalence of SI on age. A dichotomous lifetime ‘ever’ smoking measure was obtained from twins and relatives in the ‘Virginia 30,000’ sample and the ‘Australian 25,000’. Results: Results demonstrate that both genetic and environmental factors play a significant role in the liability to SI. Major influences on individual differences appeared to be additive genetic and unique environmental effects, with smaller contributions from assortative mating, shared sibling environment, twin environment, cultural transmission, and resulting genotype-environment covariance. Age regression of the prevalence of SI was significant. The finding of negative cultural transmission without dominance led us to investigate more closely two possible mechanisms for the lower parent–offspring correlations compared to the sibling and DZ twin correlations in subsets of the data: (1) age × gene interaction, and (2) social homogamy. Neither of the mechanism provided a significantly better explanation of the data. Conclusions: This study showed significant heritability, partly due to assortment, and significant effects of primarily non-parental shared environment on liability to SI.

scholarly journals Role of overlapping genetic and environmental factors in the relationship between early adolescent conduct problems and substance use in young adulthood

Addiction ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 111 (6) ◽  
pp. 1036-1045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin J. H. Verweij ◽  
Hanneke E. Creemers ◽  
Tellervo Korhonen ◽  
Antti Latvala ◽  
Danielle M. Dick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Conduct Problems ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Early Adolescent ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
The Relationship

The Association Between Chronic Disease and Psychological Distress: An Australian Twin Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 322-329
Author(s):  
Jessica Tyler ◽  
Janine Lam ◽  
Katrina Scurrah ◽  
Gillian Dite
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Twin Study ◽  
Disease Status ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Distress Scale

AbstractThere is a commonly observed association between chronic disease and psychological distress, but many potential factors could confound this association. This study investigated the association using a powerful twin study design that can control for unmeasured confounders that are shared between twins, including genetic and environmental factors. We used twin-paired cross-sectional data from the Adult Health and Lifestyle Questionnaire collected by Twins Research Australia from 2014 to 2017. Linear regression models fitted using maximum likelihood estimations (MLE) were used to test the association between self-reported chronic disease status and psychological distress, measured by the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6). When comparing between twin pairs, having any chronic disease was associated with a 1.29 increase in K6 (95% CI: 0.91, 1.66; p < .001). When comparing twins within a pair, having any chronic disease was associated with a 0.36 increase in K6 (95% CI: 0.002, 0.71; p = .049). This within-pair estimate is of most interest as comparing twins within a pair naturally controls for shared factors such as genes, age and shared lived experiences. Whereas the between-pair estimate does not. The weaker effect found within pairs tells us that genetic and environmental factors shared between twins confounds the relationship between chronic disease and psychological distress. This suggests that associations found in unrelated samples may show exaggerated estimates.

Exploring the association between genetic and environmental factors and molar incisor hypomineralization: evidence from a twin study

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael José Pio Barbosa Teixeira ◽  
Natália Silva Andrade ◽  
Lisanca Carvalho Cavalcante Queiroz ◽  
Fausto Medeiros Mendes ◽  
Marcoeli Silva Moura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Twin Study ◽  
Molar Incisor Hypomineralization ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

scholarly journals Corneal fluorescence in relation to genetic and environmental factors: a twin study

2003 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 508-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Line Kessel ◽  
Jesper Leth Hougaard ◽  
Kirsten Ohm Kyvik ◽  
Birgit Sander ◽  
Thorkild I. A. Sørensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Twin Study ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

scholarly journals Sleep Disturbance and the Risk of Cognitive Decline or Clinical Conversion in the ADNI Cohort

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 232-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam P. Mecca ◽  
Hannah R. Michalak ◽  
Julia W. McDonald ◽  
Emily C. Kemp ◽  
Erika A. Pugh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Sleep Disturbance ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Global Cognition ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Normal Cognition

Background: We investigated the relationship between sleep disturbance and cognitive decline or clinical conversion in individuals with normal cognition (CN), as well as those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia due to Alzheimer disease (AD-dementia). Methods: Secondary analysis of 1,629 adults between 48 and 91 years of age with up to 24 months of follow-up from the ADNI (Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative), a longitudinal cohort study. Results: Sleep disturbance was not associated with decline in memory, executive function, or global cognition. The presence of sleep disturbance did not significantly increase the risk of diagnostic conversion in CN, early MCI, or late MCI participants. Conclusion: This study investigated the effect of sleep disturbance on cognitive decline using several outcomes and does not support the hypothesis that sleep disturbance predicts subsequent cognitive decline.

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