Balancing Development and Environmental Conservation and Protection of the Water Resource Base: The ‘Greening’ of Water Laws

Food insecurity and poverty have been affecting the livelihood of the rural poor since ages. It is posing a major challenge to the sustainable development of a developing country like India. In such countries, land and soil degradation has emerged as an offshoot of excessive population pressure over the limited resources. Agricultural production in the developing countries has seldom matched the needs of the people. Agro forestry has the potential to arrest land degradation and improve site productivity through interaction with trees, soil, crops and livestock. Agro forestry is also a potential option for improving rural livelihood and enhancing integrated management of the natural resource base. Agro forestry systems can play an important role in carbon mitigation programmes through carbon sequestration and can reduce the pressure on existing natural forests by providing fuel, fodder, timber and wood products to the farmers. The current interest in agro forestry in India has transformed the land-use system in terms of economic sustainability. This article briefly reviews about the concept of Poplar and Bamboo based agro forestry systems as adopted extensively by the farmers on a commercial and environmental conservation scale. These systems play a significant role to meet the economic, social and environmental concerns of the villagers.

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The roles of all tiers of government and development partners in environmental conservation of natural resource: a case study in Nigeria

MOJ Ecology & Environmental Sciences ◽

10.15406/mojes.2019.04.00142 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Raimi Morufu Olalekan ◽

Omidiji Adedoyin O ◽

Ebuete Abinotami Williams ◽

Makanjuola Bosede Christianah ◽

Oshatunberu Modupe

Keyword(s):

Natural Resources ◽

Natural Resource ◽

Environmental Conservation ◽

Environmental Damage ◽

Resource Base ◽

Industrial Growth ◽

Human Welfare ◽

Natural Resource Base ◽

Resources Conservation ◽

High Level

Environmental damage usually comes back to development in one way or another and causes a development challenge. As the global demand for natural resources increases, human welfare and its implications relating to environmental degradation and exposure to environmental risks have caused many to lose their means of livelihood, triggering high level of poverty which remains a serious concern. However, globalization has played a central role in determining the future of the world. The role of globalization has proven to be essential to a nation’s ability to yield the maximum potential from its available resources. The maximization of those resources generally leads to the improved economic development of the nation; wellbeing of man and the sustenance of his livelihood are closely associated with the natural resources base. Consequently, there is a global concern for natural resources protection and conservation so that man can continue to sustain his livelihood. Part of the overall development activities of man is industrial growth. As desirable as industries are, their growth is associated with deleterious consequences. This paper examined the threatened natural resources by mans various activities and call on all tiers of Government and Development partners on the need for natural resources conservation in Nigeria. This revealed that industrialisation and its concomitant urbanisation has brought to mans environment such negative factors like loss of biodiversity, enhanced greenhouse warming, desertification, drought, water and air pollution and accumulation of toxic wastes. It is believed that well conserved natural resources will bring economic, social, visual, and aesthetic benefits that guarantee sound and qualitative health of inhabitants. It concludes that conservation of African biodiversity has come to the fore due to its numerous cultural, scientific and economic values. Also, environmental protection regulations should be intensified to protect the environment from excesses exploitations and for sustainable development. This can be achieved principally through recognition, understanding, appreciating and/or integration of endogenous technologies with exogenous technologies whose synergies are capable of enhancing conservation of natural resource base.

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Hydrology and Integrated Water Resource Management for Sustainable Watershed Management in Kenya

Cases on the Diffusion and Adoption of Sustainable Development Practices ◽

10.4018/978-1-4666-2842-7.ch013 ◽

2013 ◽

pp. 352-375 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Christopher Misati Ondieki

Keyword(s):

Water Resources ◽

Watershed Management ◽

Water Resource ◽

Water Resources Management ◽

Water Resource Management ◽

Integrated Water Resources Management ◽

Environmental Conservation ◽

Resource Exploitation ◽

Resources Management ◽

Management Plans

Degradation of watersheds and diminishing water resources lead to unsustainable environmental and socio- economic development. The hydrological characteristics are desirable for sustainable water resource exploitation. Hydrological and water resources research were examined in three case watersheds in Kenya leading to the need for integrated water resources management, environmental conservation, and watershed management plans as a result of the major challenges of climate change and variability and uncoordinated watershed resource utilization. Well-managed hydro-meteorological networks at different scales of hydrological systems have been proposed to assess potential for optimal resource use and harmony involving all stakeholders for reduced water stress and future water conflicts. Updates of information and methodologies for watershed management that emphasize collaborative efforts and use of sustainable best practices would require input of various stakeholders including Water Resources Management Authority (WRMA), Basin Authorities, and National Environmental Management Authority (NEMA).

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Hydrology and Integrated Water Resource Management for Sustainable Watershed Management in Kenya

Sustainable Practices ◽

10.4018/978-1-4666-4852-4.ch045 ◽

2013 ◽

pp. 798-815 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Christopher Misati Ondieki

Keyword(s):

Water Resources ◽

Watershed Management ◽

Water Resource ◽

Water Resources Management ◽

Water Resource Management ◽

Integrated Water Resources Management ◽

Environmental Conservation ◽

Resource Exploitation ◽

Resources Management ◽

Management Plans

Degradation of watersheds and diminishing water resources lead to unsustainable environmental and socio- economic development. The hydrological characteristics are desirable for sustainable water resource exploitation. Hydrological and water resources research were examined in three case watersheds in Kenya leading to the need for integrated water resources management, environmental conservation, and watershed management plans as a result of the major challenges of climate change and variability and uncoordinated watershed resource utilization. Well-managed hydro-meteorological networks at different scales of hydrological systems have been proposed to assess potential for optimal resource use and harmony involving all stakeholders for reduced water stress and future water conflicts. Updates of information and methodologies for watershed management that emphasize collaborative efforts and use of sustainable best practices would require input of various stakeholders including Water Resources Management Authority (WRMA), Basin Authorities, and National Environmental Management Authority (NEMA).

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Managing Water Resources for Environmentally Sustainable Irrigated Agriculture in Pakistan

The Pakistan Development Review ◽

10.30541/v35i4iipp.977-988 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 35 (4II) ◽

pp. 977-988 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Muhammad Afzal

Keyword(s):

Water Resource ◽

Water Resource Management ◽

Irrigation System ◽

Indus Basin ◽

Irrigated Agriculture ◽

Resource Base ◽

Environmentally Sustainable ◽

Global Movement ◽

Basin Irrigation ◽

To Come

Pakistan’s agriculture is almost wholly dependent on irrigation and irrigated land supplies more than 90 percent of agricultural production. Irrigation is central to Pakistan’s economy. Massive investments in irrigation contributed to the development of one of the largest Indus Basin Irrigation System. Despite heavy budgetary inputs in irrigation system, it is facing shortage of resources and suffering from operational problems. The sustainability of irrigated agriculture is threatened due to problems of waterlogging and salinity, inadequate operation and maintenance, insufficient recovery of O&M expenditure, inequitable distribution, environmental degradation, institutional issues etc. The growing scarcity of water sets the future stage for intensive competition over water between agriculture and non-agricultural users. The growing need for food and fibre requirements of increasing population further limits the per capita availability of water. Due to the limited prospects for expanding irrigation facilities, the projected increase in irrigated agriculture will have to come from significant improvement in the performance of existing systems. Policy-makers and planners are of the view that Pakistan’s irrigated agriculture requires new strategies to enhance input efficiency and maintain and improve the quality of the resource base and to get the irrigation system out of crises. There is a global movement for searching a new type of relationship between the managers of irrigated agriculture and farmers. Such options are being considered by government at various levels to put the system on sustainable development path. In addressing the environmentally sustainable water resource management in Pakistan, the paper makes an attempt to provide an over-view of water resource issues and options.

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