Analisis Hidrologi untuk Perencanaan Sistem Polder di DKI Jakarta

The application of the polder system for flood control in DKI Jakarta has become a must for coastal areas, especially with the construction of sea dikes along the coast of Jakarta as a solution to anticipate tidal flooding. One thing to consider when using a polder system in flood control is how much pump capacity and reservoir are needed. To answer this quetions, a hydrological analysis has been carried out with several method approaches, starting from determining the rainfall design in the form of a depth duration frequency curve in 1 hour to 48 hours, and then applied area reduction factor (ARF) to corrected rainfall design. Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) method are uses to calculated runoff or effective rainfall and then with the unit hydrograph by time area method to produce a runoff hydrograph. Based on this approach, the Sentiong Polder plan has been carried out with the result that the required pump capacity for a 25-year return period is 32 m3/s and 50 m3/s for a 100-year return period with a storage capacity used of 1,507,500 m3. If you want to reduce the pump capacity, it is necessary to increase the storage capacity.

Limited Genetic Diversity and High Differentiation in Angelica Dahurica Resulted by Domestication: Insights to Breeding and Conservation

Background： Angelica dahurica, belonging to the Apiaceae family, whose dry root is a famous traditional Chinese medicine named as “Bai zhi”. There are two cultivars (A. dahurica cv. ‘Hangbaizhi’ and A. dahurica cv. ‘Qibaizhi’), which have been domesticated for thousands of years. Long term artificial selection has led to great changes in root phenotypes of the two cultivars, and also decreased their adaptability to environment. We proposed hypothesis that the cultivars may lose some genetic diversity and highly differentiate from wild A. dahurica during the domestication process. However, few studies have been carried out on how domestication affects the genetic variation of this species. Here, we accessed the levels of genetic variation and differentiation within and between wild A. dahurica and its cultivars using 12 SSR markers. Results: The results revealed that the genetic diversity of the cultivars was much lower than that of wild A. dahurica, and A. dahurica cv. ‘Qibaizhi’ had lower genetic diversity compared to A. dahurica cv. ‘Hangbaizhi’. AMOVA analysis showed significant genetic differentiation between the wild and cultivated A. dahurica, and between A. dahurica cv. ‘Hangbaizhi’ and A. dahurica cv. ‘Qibaizhi’. The results of Bayesian, UPGMA, NJ and PcoA clustering analysis indicated that all 15 populations were assigned to two genetic clusters corresponding to the wild and cultivated resources. Bayesian clustering analysis further divided the cultivated resources into two sub-clusters corresponding to the two cultivars. Conclusions：Our study suggests that domestication process is likely the major factor resulting in the loss of genetic diversity in cultivated A. dahurica and significant genetic differentiation from the wild resources due to founder effect and/or artificially directional selections. This large-scale analysis of population genetics could provide valuable information for genetic resources conservation and breeding programs of Angelica dahurica.

Enhancement of Straw Bale Performance Using Gum Arabic

Background: The negative impacts of the construction industry are compelling arguments for embracing technology that contributes to carbon footprint reduction and resources conservation. Toward the achievement of objective 9 of the Sustainable Development Goals, the development of new building’s materials like straw bale has advanced in the construction industry. As demonstrated in the literature, straw bale is an eco-friendly material that presents many advantages, like its contribution towards a circular economy. However, it has low compressive strength and displays high displacement under compression load. So far, no attempt has been made in order to enhance the strength of straw bales. Objective: This study aimed to develop alternative material to straw bale using chopped straw stems mixed with a binder (gum Arabic) and determine its stress-strain characteristic. Methods: The manufacturing process of the new material involved the use of chopped straw and gum Arabic to form straw blocks. Results: Results obtained show that the compressive strength of straw block (1.25MPa) is greater than the strength of straw bale (0.02MPa). Also, the average displacement recorded during compression load on straw blocks (29mm) was 2.8 times smaller than the displacement in straw bale (80mm). In terms of shape and size, straw blocks match with conventional materials like cement or compressed block. This will facilitate their use in construction compared to straw bales that require skilled laborers for pre-compression and plastering. Conclusion: The use of gum arabic helps in holding straw stems together and forms a compact material with improved strength compared to straw bale. Performance improvement of the characteristics of load-bearing straw bale walls can be addressed by using straw blocks.

USO DE PLUVIÔMETRO ARTESANAL COMO INSTRUMENTO APLICADO À MODELAGEM DE CHEIA EM BELÉM-PA

O processo de urbanização vem intensificando-se com as transformações de uso e ocupação do solo, contribuindo para a constante ocorrência de alagamentos, causando prejuízos humanos e econômicos para a sociedade. Assim, o trabalho avaliou o impacto da urbanização nos hidrogramas de cheia e vazão de pico da bacia hidrográfica do Igarapé Tucunduba (Belém-PA), na qual as condições de uso e ocupação do solo mudaram de forma significativa nas décadas de 1990, 2000 e 2010 devido ao aumento da urbanização e áreas impermeáveis. Hietogramas foram confeccionados a partir de dados de chuvas coletados em um pluviômetro artesanal. Os hietogramas deram origem a hidrogramas de cheia simulados através do modelo do Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS). Os hidrogramas apresentaram vazões de pico que chegaram a 36,57 m3/s, o que se traduz em alagamentos na bacia hidrográfica, pois a bacia sofre com ocupação e urbanização desordenadas e consequentemente, com a impermeabilização, que reduz a infiltração do solo, favorecendo as cheias, causando transtornos aos moradores da região.

Método Curve Number – pesquisas e discussões dos parâmetros valor CN e abstração inicial

O estudo de condições de resposta ao processo de precipitação e geração de escoamento é um dos desafios em estudos hidrogeomorfológicos. Entre estudos existentes, o Método CN tornou-se importante devido à sua facilidade de aplicação a partir da utilização de parâmetros físicos, de uso e ocupação da terra e de dados de chuva, estimando o escoamento superficial e o armazenamento potencial de bacias hidrográficas, fornecendo informações hidrológicas para a tomada de decisões. Este trabalho objetiva apresentar aspectos históricos e de desenvolvimento do Método CN, bem como pesquisas e discussões do parâmetro principal da metodologia conhecido como valor CN e da abstração inicial (Ia), segundo revisão de literatura. Os valores CN contidos em tabelas e gráficos do Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) consideram o índice de Ia=0,2, todavia, pesquisas indicam variações nos índices de Ia. Valores CN e índices de Ia podem ser conseguidos mediante dados de precipitação e de escoamento superficial obtidos em bacias hidrográficas e por experimentos com chuvas artificiais em parcelas experimentais, fornecendo informações locais. Abordagens utilizando pesquisas e experimentos regionais demonstram que podem melhorar os parâmetros do Método CN para algumas regiões, gerando melhor estimativa do escoamento superficial. Os índices de abstração inicial alteram o escoamento superficial estimado pela metodologia, e pesquisas indicam que o índice de Ia=0,2 ser elevado para algumas condições edafoclimáticas.

Does Experience Make Hucul Horses More Resistant to Stress? A Pilot Study

The aim of the study was to determine whether experience related to horse age and number of starts in championships influences stress level, measured by salivary cortisol concentration. The study involved 18 clinically healthy Hucul mares who participated in the Polish Championships for Hucul Horses. Evaluation of performance value was carried out in accordance with the guidelines specified in the breeding and genetic resources conservation program for this breed. The championship lasted two days, consisting of conformation evaluation, endurance, and Hucul path. Saliva was collected at baseline (T1), after arena assessment (T2), after endurance (T3), and on the second day after the Hucul path (T4). Cortisol levels increased from an average of 2.73 ± 1.18 ng/mL (T1) to 10.46 ± 8.03 ng/mL after T3. Significantly lower levels of free cortisol were detected in the saliva of the younger mares, up to 9 years old, and mares who participated in only one qualifying path after each element of the championship. The highest levels of cortisol (T3) were found in mares competing repeatedly on the qualifying path. No correlation was found between cortisol levels and the championship results. Participation of mares in the championship was associated with stress, which was reflected in the increase in cortisol levels in saliva.