Dicationic ionic liquids are an emerging group of Ionic Liquids (ILs) that are currently receiving
much attention as green reaction media and catalysts. Because of a great number of possible
combinations of cations and anions, the physical and chemical properties of dicationic ionic liquids
are more tunable and broader than monocationic ILs. Therefore, their unique properties have made
them the target of many applied and fundamental researches. Actually, dicationic ionic liquids are
more effective and rather fascinating than traditional monocationic ILs. So, due to greater versatility
and diversity, their applications in organic synthesis have been extensively grown. In this review, we
have focused on the synthesis, characterization and applications of dicationic ionic liquids, especially,
in organic synthesis.