Comprehensive Review on Synthetic Approaches and Biological Activities of 1,3,4-Oxadiazole

Among the large variety of nitrogen and oxygen heterocycles, 1,3,4-oxadiazole, the scaffold, has attracted considerable attention owing to its ability to showing an extensive range of pharmacological actions. Therefore, significant efforts of organic chemists have been directed towards the construction of new drug candidates containing 1,3,4-oxadiazole subunits connected to a known pharmaceutical or a potential pharmacophore. This digest highlights recent publications on the various synthesis techniques of 1,3,4-oxadiazole and related compounds over the previous ten years (2011–2021). The purpose of this review is to learn about several ways for synthesizing oxadiazole. These heterocyclics are formed mainly by the cyclization reactions of various reactants under diverse circumstances. According to the literature investigations, they were given a high priority for their pharmacological significance, such as anticonvulsant, anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antidiabetic, etc.

Catalytic applications of recent and improved covalent organic frameworks

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are porous crystalline materials that have emerged as promising molecular materials in optoelectronic, catalysis, and gas storage applications. COFs exhibit unique features such as adaptability for various substrates, high chemical stability, tunability, ease of working, and recyclability that render them efficient catalysts. The current mini-review article discusses the synthesis and applications of COFs as catalysts. We hope that the present review will be highly beneficial for researchers working in the area of COFs and their applications in catalysis.

Recent Advances in The Chemistry and Biological Activity of Sulfonamide Derivatives

This review describes different synthetic methods for the preparation of sulfonamides. Generally, sulfonamides are synthesized from sulfonyl chloride derivative and amino derivative. A series of sulfonamide derivatives 7a-c, 8a,b, 9, 10, 11a,b, 12 were synthesized in alkaline media by reaction of different amino compounds with p-toluene sulfonyl chloride. Different amino derivatives 13, 15, 17, 19, 21 react with p-tolyl sulphonylchloride to afford sulfonylamides 14, 16, 18, 20, 22. Different reactions of sulfonamide derivatives have been summarized. Generally, sulfonamide function group does not take part in any reactions, but there are other functional groups in the compound which make the reactions. Sulfonamides have different biological activities e.g. antibacterial activity, anticancer activity, urease inhibitory activity, radical scavenging activity, carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, non-competitive inhibitor of lactoperoxidase, antifungal activity, and anti-mycobacterial activity.

Recent advancement and novel application of organocatalyzed aldol condensation reactions: A comprehensive review

Background: Aldol reactions play an important role in the development of organic synthesis-owing to their critical importance for the forming of carbon-carbon bonds while concurrently one or two chiral centers come into being. In the modern scenario, the Aldol condensation reaction has arisen as perhaps the most significant reaction for the formation of novel medicinal agents exhibits promising pharmacological activities. Objective: The purpose of this study is to present newer synthetic approaches through Aldol condensation reaction for the synthesis of diverse scaffolds to explore the promising various types of biological activities. Methods: Aldol condensation concerns the nucleophilic addition reaction of a ketone enolate to an aldehyde to form aldol or β- hydroxy ketone. Occasionally, the aldol addition product losing water molecule yields an α, β-unsaturated ketone. Results: Results showed that amino acids and all lengths of peptides are utilized as chiral catalysts. As of now, the arrangement of catalysts that have been accounted for is intensely one-sided towards proline. This is to some degree because of its exceptional status among the normally happening amino acids as an auxiliary amine and to its restricted underlying adaptability. Conclusion: The present study thus provides useful insight concerning the promising coherent way for the synthesis of prolinamide analogue of proline, through a direct asymmetric aldol condensation reaction. Thus, the current study summarizes various Aldol condensation reactions for the synthesis of novel agents as well as their promising pharmacological importance.

Potential Involvement of Laccases as Efficient Biocatalysts in the Field of Organic Synthesis: An Editorial Presenting a Short Overview on Functional Applicability and Fate

Laccases, one of the expressively accepted biocatalysts, are oxidoreductases strongly known for their pronounced catalytic applications. Their involvement in the various types’ organic synthesis is one of the most attractive fields of bio-catalysis. In this editorial, authors have briefly assessed and explored the synthetic applicability and potential fate of this interesting oxidoreductase enzyme in organic synthesis and presented various scientific proofs based on researches done in related fields proving their versatile acceptability.

N-heterocycles: Recent advances in biological applications

Nitrogen based heterocycles display an impressive repertoire of biological activities, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-tuberculosis, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, anti-HIV, anti-cancer, anti-helminthic, and other pharmacological activities. Numerous novel nitrogen-based heterocycles have been synthesized, which showed various physiological properties, and their application in medicinal chemistry is ever-growing. The present review will provide an in-depth view of N-heterocyclic compounds that showed biological activities in the last 5 years (2017-2021). This review article will be helpful for the structural design of effective and sustainable N-heterocyclic drugs against diseases with minimal side effects.