Anthropogenic Stressors Shape Genetic Structure: Insights from a Model Freshwater Population along a Land Use Gradient

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (20) ◽  
pp. 11346-11356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro A. Inostroza ◽  
Iván Vera-Escalona ◽  
Anna-Jorina Wicht ◽  
Martin Krauss ◽  
Werner Brack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Anthropogenic Stressors ◽  
Freshwater Population

scholarly journals Effects of habitat structure and land-use intensity on the genetic structure of the grasshopper species Chorthippus parallelus

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 140133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerstin R. Wiesner ◽  
Jan Christian Habel ◽  
Martin M. Gossner ◽  
Hugh D. Loxdale ◽  
Günter Köhler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
Land Use Intensity ◽  
Habitat Size ◽  
Grasshopper Species ◽  
Chorthippus Parallelus ◽  
Landscape Characteristics ◽  
Local Populations

Land-use intensity (LUI) is assumed to impact the genetic structure of organisms. While effects of landscape structure on the genetics of local populations have frequently been analysed, potential effects of variation in LUI on the genetic diversity of local populations have mostly been neglected. In this study, we used six polymorphic microsatellites to analyse the genetic effects of variation in land use in the highly abundant grasshopper Chorthippus parallelus . We sampled a total of 610 individuals at 22 heterogeneous grassland sites in the Hainich-Dün region of Central Germany. For each of these grassland sites we assessed habitat size, LUI (combined index of mowing, grazing and fertilization), and the proportion of grassland adjoining the sampling site and the landscape heterogeneity (the latter two factors within a 500 m buffer zone surrounding each focal site). We found only marginal genetic differentiation among all local populations and no correlation between geographical and genetic distance. Habitat size, LUI and landscape characteristics had only weak effects on most of the parameters of genetic diversity of C. parallelus ; only expected heterozygosity and the grasshopper abundances were affected by interacting effects of LUI, habitat size and landscape characteristics. The lack of any strong relationships between LUI, abundance and the genetic structure might be due to large local populations of the species in the landscape, counteracting local differentiation and potential genetic drift effects.

Effects of land use on population presence and genetic structure of an amphibian in an agricultural landscape

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa B. Youngquist ◽  
Kentaro Inoue ◽  
David J. Berg ◽  
Michelle D. Boone
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Effects Of Land Use

Climate and land use affect genetic structure of Stipa glareosa P. A. Smirn. in Mongolia

Flora ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 266 ◽  
pp. 151572
Author(s):  
Khurelpurev Oyundelger ◽  
Christiane M. Ritz ◽  
Oyunbileg Munkhzul ◽  
Birgit Lang ◽  
Julian Ahlborn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Genetic Structure

Land-use effects on genetic structure of a common grassland herb: A matter of scale

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 440-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena Kloss ◽  
Markus Fischer ◽  
Walter Durka
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Land Use Effects

scholarly journals Population Genetic Structure and Reproductive Strategy of the Introduced Grass Centotheca lappacea in Tropical Land-Use Systems in Sumatra

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. e0147633
Author(s):  
Ladislav Hodac̆ ◽  
Fuad Bahrul Ulum ◽  
Nicole Opfermann ◽  
Natalie Breidenbach ◽  
Diego Hojsgaard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Genetic Structure ◽  
Reproductive Strategy ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Land Use Systems

scholarly journals The type and intensity of surrounding human land use, not local environment, shape genetic structure of a native grassland plant

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah L. Emel ◽  
Shichen Wang ◽  
Richard P. Metz ◽  
Rachel B. Spigler
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Human Land Use ◽  
Native Grassland

Anthropogenic stressors influence small mammal communities in tropical East African savanna at multiple spatial scales

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea E. Byrom ◽  
Ally J. K. Nkwabi ◽  
Kristine Metzger ◽  
Simon A. R. Mduma ◽  
Guy J. Forrester ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Small Mammal ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Local Scale ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
East African ◽  
African Savanna ◽  
Serengeti Ecosystem ◽  
Anthropogenic Stressors ◽  
Small Mammal Community

Context Protection of natural ecosystems undoubtedly safeguards ecological communities, with positive benefits for ecosystem processes and function. However, ecosystems are under threat from anthropogenic stressors that reduce the resilience both of component species and the system as a whole. Aims To determine how anthropogenic stressors (land use and climate change) could impact the diversity and resilience of a small mammal community in the greater Serengeti ecosystem, an East African savanna comprising Serengeti National Park (SNP) and adjacent agro-ecosystems, at local (SNP) and Africa-wide geographic scales. Methods We recorded small mammal species in 10 habitats in the greater Serengeti ecosystem, including the agro-ecosystem, over 48 years (1962–2010). We calculated richness and diversity for each habitat type, and used an index of similarity to quantify differences in the community among habitats. Species accumulation curves were also generated for each habitat type. Key results We recorded 40 species of small mammals in the greater Serengeti ecosystem. At the local scale, restricted habitat types in SNP (each <1% of the total area) made a disproportionately large contribution to diversity. Agro-ecosystems had lower richness and were less likely to contain specialist species. At regional and Africa-wide scales, local endemics were less likely to be recorded in the agro-ecosystem (57% species loss) compared with those with regional (33% loss) or Africa-wide (31%) geographic distributions. Conclusions At the local scale, the variety of habitats in SNP contributed to overall diversity. However, the ability to maintain this diversity in the adjacent agro-ecosystem was compromised for localised endemics compared with species with Africa-wide ranges. Land use intensification adjacent to SNP and projected changes in rainfall patterns for East Africa under global climate scenarios may compromise the future resilience of the small mammal community in this tropical savanna ecosystem. Implications The loss of rare or specialised species from protected areas and human-modified ecosystems could be mitigated by: (1) increasing habitat complexity and maintaining specialist habitats in the agro-ecosystem; and (2) creating buffers at the boundary of protected natural ecosystems that accommodate regime shifts in response to climatic change. These measures would increase the resilience of this coupled human–natural savanna ecosystem.

Influence of land use on hyporheos in catchment streams of the Velka Fatra Mts

Biologia ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Illyová ◽  
Pavel Beracko ◽  
Iľja Krno
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Ecosystem Processes ◽  
Special Group ◽  
Taxa Richness ◽  
Anthropogenic Stressors ◽  
Natural Stream ◽  
The Family ◽  
Benthic Organic Matter

AbstractThe historical influence of landscape on the quantitative variables and a special group of hyporheos in streams with similar origin but different catchment landscapes and forest management was studied. The study was conducted in two streams: (i) a preserved forested natural stream where critical ecosystem processes were unaltered by human activities and (ii) a stream with the strong anthropogenic stressors (e.g., logging, agriculture, pasture), impacting the system for the last 500 years. Some parameters were strongly related to these land use: conductivity, fine benthic organic matter (FBOM), orthophosphate (P_PO4) and periphyton content all increased along the gradient from the natural stream to the urban-dominated catchment. The density of interstitial assemblages corresponded with the conductivity (at P < 0.05) and was higher on the stream in urban-dominated catchments; and the Harpacticoida taxa richness, dominated by the family Canthocamptidae, was also greater here. The Multiple Regression Analysis shows that the rate of deforestation had had the most significant effect on the density of hyporheos. Among of crustacean fauna the representatives of epigean harpacticoids from (of) family Canthocamptidae, dominated.

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