scholarly journals Harvesting Water from Air: Using Anhydrous Salt with Sunlight

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
pp. 5398-5406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renyuan Li ◽  
Yusuf Shi ◽  
Le Shi ◽  
Mossab Alsaedi ◽  
Peng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Anhydrous Salt

Preparation, Solubility, Infrared Spectra and Radiolysis of Tetramethylammonium Hydrogenselenate Monohydrate and Lithium Tetramethylammonium Selenate Tetrahydrate

2006 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Havlíček ◽  
Libor Turek ◽  
Jiří Plocek ◽  
Zdeněk Mička
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Rate Constant ◽  
Infrared Spectra ◽  
Molecular Spectroscopy ◽  
Anhydrous Salt ◽  
First Order ◽  
First Order Kinetics ◽  
New Compounds

Solubility in the (Me4N)2SeO4-H2SeO4-H2O and (Me4N)2SeO4-Li2SeO4-H2O systems were studied. The new compounds, tetramethylammonium hydrogenselenate monohydrate ((Me4N)HSeO4·H2O) and lithium tetramethylammonium selenate tetrahydrate (Li(Me4N)SeO4·4H2O), have been found in these systems. Both substances were characterised by chemical analysis and IR molecular spectroscopy. Both of the title substances decompose under the influence of X-radiation and, thus, their structures cannot be determined. The radiolysis of both substances was studied in greater detail. Tetramethylammonium hydrogenselenate monohydrate is dehydrated by X-radiation to form the anhydrous salt. The reaction is controlled by first-order kinetics with a rate constant of 1.30(3) × 10-3 s-1.

SPECIFIC HEATS OF CERTAIN SALTS OF IRON GROUP ELEMENTS FROM 65° TO 300°K.

1950 ◽  
Vol 28a (4) ◽  
pp. 367-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. D. Vasileff ◽  
H. Grayson-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Specific Heat ◽  
Cobalt Nitrate ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Nickel Nitrate ◽  
Chromium Nitrate ◽  
Iron Group ◽  
Anhydrous Salt ◽  
Specific Heats ◽  
Entropy Changes

Using a new low temperature calorimeter, which is briefly described in the paper, the specific heats have been measured from 65° to 300°K. for the following salts: chromium sulphate (hydrated and anhydrous), chromium nitrate, cobalt nitrate, and nickel nitrate (hydrated). Hydrated chromium sulphate was found to have a transition of the second order at 195°K., while the specific heat of the anhydrous salt was quite regular. The hydrated nitrates all showed second order transitions in the neighborhood of 150°K. The entropy changes associated with these transitions have been estimated approximately, and vary from about 0.4 R for cobalt nitrate to 1.65 R for chromium nitrate, where R is the gas constant. Pending further evidence, it is tentatively suggested that the transitions are due to the onset of partial rotation of the H2O groups in the crystals.

Potassium dodecahydro-7, 8-dicarba-nido -undecaborate(1-), k[7, 8-c2 b9 h12 ], intermediates, stock solution, and anhydrous salt

2007 ◽  
pp. 231-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Plešek ◽  
S. Heřmánek ◽  
B. Štíbr ◽  
L. Waksman ◽  
L. G. Sneddon
Keyword(s):  
Anhydrous Salt

scholarly journals A homoleptic chromium(iii) carboxylate

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (14) ◽  
pp. 4790-4793 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. L. Sydora ◽  
R. T. Hart ◽  
N. A. Eckert ◽  
E. Martinez Baez ◽  
A. E. Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synthetic Route ◽  
Soluble Complex ◽  
Anhydrous Salt ◽  
Carboxylate Groups ◽  
Bidentate Chelate

The first homoleptic monomeric chromium(iii) carboxylate has been prepared using an anhydrous salt metathesis synthetic route. The carboxylate groups coordinate the chromium in a bidentate chelate yielding an aliphatic soluble complex.

Aminoguanidinium(2+) Hexafluorozirconate Monohydrate: A Co-Product of Preparing the Ferroelectric Anhydrous Salt

1998 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Ross ◽  
B. L. Paulsen ◽  
R. M. Nielson ◽  
S. C. Abrahams
Keyword(s):  
Probability Analysis ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
Acta Cryst ◽  
Anhydrous Salt ◽  
Normal Probability ◽  
Atom Position

Preparation of anhydrous aminoguanidinium(2+) hexafluorozirconate, CN4H8ZrF6, shown previously to satisfy the structural criteria for ferroelectricity [Abrahams et al. (1996). Acta Cryst. B52, 806–809], generally results in the co-formation of a series of related fluorozirconates. The structure of the monohydrate salt, one of the co-products, has been redetermined to improve understanding of the preparation pathway, locate the H atoms and compare corresponding atom positions [Gerasimenko et al. (1989). Koord. Khim. 15, 130–135]. The positions of the H atoms were not established in the latter study. All 16 H atoms in the two symmetry-independent CN4H8(2+) ions are now located and refined, with R 1 = 0.0299 and S = 1.119. Both independent water molecules are disordered. Normal probability analysis reveals uncompensated error and/or underestimated uncertainty associated with ten non-H-atom position coordinates. The relative concentrations of HF, CN4H7Cl and H2ZrF6 are among the major variables controlling the formation of the related fluorozirconates.

(NH4)2(C4O4), an anhydrous salt of acetylenedicarboxylic acid

2006 ◽  
Vol 8 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 353-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irena Stein ◽  
Christian Näther ◽  
Uwe Ruschewitz
Keyword(s):  
Anhydrous Salt ◽  
Acetylenedicarboxylic Acid

VIII. On supersatured saline solutions

1877 ◽  
Vol 25 (171-178) ◽  
pp. 124-131
Keyword(s):  
Glass Plate ◽  
Glass Tube ◽  
Cotton Wool ◽  
Original Solution ◽  
Anhydrous Salt ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Saline Solutions ◽  
White Colour ◽  
Modified Forms ◽  
Supersaturated Solutions

In making experiments on the sensitiveness of supersaturated solutions to air and greasy surfaces, I was much annoyed by the solutions so frequently crystallizing on the removal of the cotton-wool, as this necessitated boiling the flask again and waiting till it was cool. I noticed that frequently part of the cotton-wool adhered to the mouth of the flask; and it struck me that in removing this some fibres must get detached and fall in, carrying with them in all probability crystals of the salt. I soon convinced myself that this was the case, and that cottonwool is perhaps the worst material that could be chosen for covering these solutions. I now always use paper or tinfoil; and I find that these can be removed many times from the same solution without inducing crystallization. I then found that even the most sensitive solutions could be taken up in a clean glass tube and dropped on a clean glass plate without crystallizing; and that they will remain liquid exposed to the air for a very long time, often, in fact, till they dry up by evaporation in modified forms. Twenty drops on a plate give twenty experiments on the effect of air, clean and unclean surfaces, and evaporation; then the plate is cleaned, and more drops are taken from the original solution till this is used up. The trouble of boiling is thus reduced to a minimum, and the drops can be put upon all kinds of surfaces to test their activity. The slow growth of the modified salts can be watched for hours; and their forms are sometimes peculiar. Thus sulphate of soda often gives a single, square, flat pyramid, or a broad well-shaped prism, or occasionally small oetahedra round the edge of the drop. The pyramids and prisms change to opaque white when touched, and are apparently the 7-atom salt; the octahedra do not change, and are evidently the anhydrous salt. This fact is interesting, from its supporting the view that it is the anhydrous salt which is in solution. Or, again, a plate with drops may be dried over calcium chloride; and this sometimes modifies the results, as in the case of ammonia alum. This salt, when allowed to evaporate in air, generally forms a shining semitransparent film of greenish colour with a depression at the top, in which is often a circular opening, while inside small globular concretions of a dull, opaque, milky white colour are formed; these will remain moist inside for a couple of days or more. When touched with the normal salt, the whole drop becomes brilliant opaque white, quite dry, and apparently increases in volume, as the crust often breaks up and curls outwards.

Four salt phases of theophylline

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda R. Buist ◽  
Alan R. Kennedy ◽  
Craig Manzie
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bonding ◽  
Intermolecular Interaction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mirror Plane ◽  
Space Group ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Anhydrous Salt ◽  
Salt Forms ◽  
Chloride Monohydrate ◽  
Hydrogen Bonded

The structures of two anhydrous salt phases of theophylline, namely 1,3-dimethyl-2,6-dioxo-7H-purin-9-ium tetrafluoroborate, C7H9N4O2+·BF4−, and 1,3-dimethyl-2,6-dioxo-7H-purin-9-ium chloride, C7H9N4O2+·Cl−, are reported together with the structures of two monohydrate salt forms, namely 1,3-dimethyl-2,6-dioxo-7H-purin-9-ium chloride monohydrate, C7H9N4O2+·Cl−·H2O, and 1,3-dimethyl-2,6-dioxo-7H-purin-9-ium bromide monohydrate, C7H9N4O2+·Br−·H2O. The monohydrate structures are mutually isostructural, with the cations and anions lying on crystallographic mirror planes (Z′ = 1\over 2). The main intermolecular interaction motif is a hydrogen-bonding network in the same mirror plane. The tetrafluoroborate structure is based on planar hydrogen-bonded theopylline cation dimers; the anions interact with the dimers in a pendant fashion. The anhydrous chloride structure hasZ′ = 2 and in contrast to the other species it does not form planar hydrogen-bonded constructs, instead one-dimensional chains of cations and anions propagate parallel to the crystallographiccdirection. An earlier report claiming to describe an anhydrous structure of theophylline hydrochloride is re-examined in light of these results. It is concluded that the earlier structure has been reported in the wrong space group and that it has been chemically misidentified.

scholarly journals On the electrolysis of secondary compounds

1851 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 504-505
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Secondary Compounds ◽  
Metallic Silver ◽  
Metallic State ◽  
Anhydrous Salt ◽  
Binary Composition ◽  
Metallic Cation ◽  
Saline Solutions ◽  
Gaseous Form

The authors of this paper have further prosecuted the inquiry into the phenomena of electrolysis, commencing from the point to which it had been carried by Professor Daniell in his papers published in the Philosophical Transactions for 1839 and 1840. He had there shown, that in the electrolysis of neutral saline solutions, if the metal is one of those which do not decompose water at ordinary temperatures, it is precipitated in the metallic state at the platinode; but if it belong to the class of those which, at ordinary temperatures, do decompose water, then an equivalent of the oxide is liberated at the platinode, while an equivalent of hydrogen makes its escape in the gaseous form from the same electrode; the acid, in both cases, being, at the same time, liberated at the zincode, accompanied by an equivalent proportion of oxygen. On comparing these results with those of an independent voltameter included in the same circuit, it was found that a certain definite proportion of the force which resolves a single equivalent of a simple electrolyte into its anion and cation, produces the resolution of a full equivalent of a complex electrolyte into a simple metallic cation and a compound anion. When ammonia-cal salts in solution were thus decomposed, ammonia, with an equivalent of hydrogen, was liberated at the platinode; while the acid, with an equivalent of oxygen, was evolved, as before, at the zincode. Experimental evidence was thus obtained in support of two important theories; namely, the ammonium theory advanced by Berzelius; and the binary theory of salts propounded by Davy; in which latter theory, all saline compounds are regarded as being formed on the type of the salts of the hydro-acids. This binary composition of salts is, in the present paper, proved to exist, not only when the salts, previously held in solution by water, are decomposed by the voltaic current, but also when the fused anhydrous salt is electrolysed: for example, metallic silver in crystals is deposited upon the platinode, when fused nitrate of silver is included in the circuit.

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