Hydrogen Solubility of Shale Oil Containing Polar Phenolic Compounds

Many refineries use hydrogen to upgrade heavy fuel feedstocks, and therefore, hydrogen solubility is an important parameter. Shale oil is a fuel for which hydrotreatment is of interest, but no data about its hydrogen solubility can be found in the literature. This article presents experimental data for the hydrogen solubility of two shale oil samples measured at high temperatures and pressures (423 to 527 K and 40 to 140 bar). Experiments were performed using a continuous flow apparatus. Results show that the shale oil had a lower hydrogen solubility than most other fuels, probably due to the high content of polar phenolic compounds in the oil. Removing about 80% of the phenolic compounds increased the hydrogen solubility by approximately 0.1 mol H2/kg oil (which is about 15 to 45%, depending on the solubility). Analysis also showed that current prediction methods used for petroleum and coal liquids cannot reliably be used for predicting the hydrogen solubility of this shale oil and other similar fuels.

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Properties of kukersite shale oil

10.31219/osf.io/nzyts ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Zachariah Baird ◽

Oliver Järvik ◽

Vahur Oja

Keyword(s):

Experimental Data ◽

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Sample Preparation ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽

Shale Oil ◽

Preparation Methods ◽

Present Experimental Data ◽

Boiling Points ◽

Sample Preparation Methods

Inspite of the increasing focus on reducing carbon dioxide emissions, production of shale oil continues to be economically favorable, and production has even increased in recent years. Producing and handling shale oil requires data on its properties, and to provide this data we have undertaken an extensive project to experimentally measure the properties of Estonian kukersite shale oil. In this article we describe the sample preparation methods and present experimental data on key properties of the shale oil samples. Included is data on the densities, refractive indexes, average boiling points, and molar masses of distillation fractions with narrow boiling ranges. A major component of kukersite shale oil is phenolic compounds, and to investigate their effect on the properties we used extraction to obtain samples with either fewer or more phenols than commonly found in the oil. The effect of composition on the properties is discussed. We also present correlations for calculating one of these properties if two others are known. This article lays the groundwork for future articles which will go into further detail on specific properties of these samples.

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Temperature and pressure dependence of density of a shale oil and derived thermodynamic properties

10.31219/osf.io/tkhpg ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Zachariah Baird ◽

Petri Uusi-Kyyny ◽

Oliver Järvik ◽

Vahur Oja ◽

Ville Alopaeus

Keyword(s):

Experimental Data ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Pressure Dependence ◽

Fuel Oil ◽

Hydroxyl Group ◽

Shale Oil ◽

Commercial Plant ◽

Thermal Expansion Coefficients ◽

Group Content ◽

Temperature And Pressure

The temperature and pressure dependence of density was measured experimentally from 293 to 473 K and 0.1 to 12 MPa for a shale oil produced from Kukersite oil shale in Estonia. The shale oil sample was a fuel oil fraction of a whole oil produced in a commercial plant that uses solid heat carrier retorting technology. The fraction had a boiling range of approximately 460 to 780 K and contained significant quantities of polar phenolic compounds (hydroxyl group content of 5.3 wt%). The effect of these compounds on the properties of the oil was investigated by removing most of the phenolic compounds via extraction to create the second sample (dephenolated sample with hydroxyl group content of 1.1 wt%). The dephenolation resulted in a shale oil with a composition being more similar to that of other shale oils from well explored deposits. Based on a review of the literature, this is the first experimental data on the pressure dependence of density for this shale oil, and shale oils generally. Thermal expansion coefficients, isothermal compressibilities and speeds of sound were calculated from the experimental data. Empirical relationships describing the temperature dependence of the heat capacities between 288 and 423 K at atmospheric pressure are also presented here.

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Research and Evaluation of the Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Polluted Wooden Railway Sleepers

Proccedings of 10th International Conference "Environmental Engineering" ◽

10.3846/enviro.2017.060 ◽

2017 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rokas Vilniškis ◽

Rasa Vaiškūnaitė

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Chemical Analysis ◽

Hazardous Waste ◽

Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Atmospheric Effects ◽

Shale Oil ◽

Environmental Legislation ◽

Major Threat

Wooden railway sleepers are impregnated with the chemicals that prevent the disassembling of the wood splitter. Such chemical wood impregnator as creosote or shale oil have been widely used to prolong the lifetime of wooden railway sleepers, protecting them from the negative microorganisms and atmospheric effects. These substances are based on aromatic hydrocarbons (powerful carcinogens), phenolic compounds, heterocyclic nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur compounds. Lithuania formes over 30,000 pieces of wooden sleepers improper for use annually. Based on the existing environmental legislation, used wooden railway sleepers can not be burned anywehere else except hazardous waste inceneration facilities or can not be buried because of their negative impact on the environment and human health, therefore, this unsuitable wooden sleepers are only stored in their collection or storage areas and they are a major threat to the environment. The aim of this articel is to study how the wooden railway sleepers stored in Vilnius city (Lithuania) are contaminated with the aromatic hydrocarbons using the gas chromatography. Wooden railway sleepers were sampled and prepared for chemical analysis.

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