scholarly journals Liquid Water and Interfacial, Cubic, and Hexagonal Ice Classification through Eclipsed and Staggered Conformation Template Matching

2021 ◽  
Vol 125 (15) ◽  
pp. 3909-3917
Author(s):  
Golnaz Roudsari ◽  
Farshad G. Veshki ◽  
Bernhard Reischl ◽  
Olli H. Pakarinen
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Water ◽  
Template Matching ◽  
Hexagonal Ice

Distribution Function and Angular Deformations of a Model Related to Vitreous Ice and Liquid Water

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (10) ◽  
pp. 1945-1953 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Kell
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Function ◽  
Liquid Water ◽  
Nearest Neighbors ◽  
Minimum Density ◽  
Hexagonal Ice ◽  
Oxygen Oxygen ◽  
Small Deformations ◽  
Tetrahedral System ◽  
Measured Density

A random tetrahedral model, without bonding defects and in which the distance between nearest neighbors is constant, has been constructed to study the effect of angular variations from tetrahedral, and the observations have been interpreted in terms of vitreous ice and liquid water. The model was constructed to have relatively small deformations from tetrahedral, and the oxygen–oxygen–oxygen angles vary from 90 to 132°, with an interquartile width of 12°. The measured density is intermediate between that of hexagonal ice and liquid water and, because of the small angular deformations, provides an estimate both of the density of vitreous water and of the minimum density possible for a random tetrahedral system.

Quantum diffusion of hydrogen and muonium atoms in liquid water and hexagonal ice

2008 ◽  
Vol 128 (19) ◽  
pp. 194506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Markland ◽  
Scott Habershon ◽  
David E. Manolopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Water ◽  
Quantum Diffusion ◽  
Hexagonal Ice ◽  
Diffusion Of Hydrogen

scholarly journals Cloud thermodynamic phase and particle size estimation using the 0.67 and 1.6 μm channels from meteorological satellites

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 4461-4488 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Jolivet ◽  
A. J. Feijt
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Radiative Transfer ◽  
Liquid Water ◽  
Water Droplet ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Homogeneous Layer ◽  
Ice Crystal ◽  
Cloud Particle ◽  
Single Plane ◽  
Hexagonal Ice

Abstract. A robust method to estimate the cloud microphysical properties from visible (0.67 μm) and near infrared (1.6 μm) measurements of reflected sunlight is presented. The method does not determine cloud particle phase and size separately. Instead it assigns a cloud particle type to every pixel that is most representative for the radiation measurements. The corresponding radiative transfer model calculations will yield the most accurate values for optical thickness. Furthermore, an estimate of the particle size is obtained, which is used in estimates of liquid water path. Radiative transfer calculations have been performed for eleven cloud particle models assuming a single, plane-parallel and homogeneous layer. Standard gamma distributions with varying effective radii have been chosen for liquid water droplet whereas imperfect hexagonal ice crystal with different aspect ratio and size were selected for ice particles. It is shown that the ratio of the visible reflectivity to the near infrared reflectivity as a function of the visible reflectivity allows a consistent classification of cloud particles with respect to size and phase over a large area. The method is tested with measurements from the Along Track Scanning Radiometer instrument (ATSR-2) on board ERS-2 for a marine stratocumulus cloud and a cirrus cloud over the North Sea. For both cases, the variation of the measured ratio as a function of the measured visible reflectivity is well simulated by liquid water droplet distribution with an effective radius between 4 and 10 micrometers for the stratocumulus and by imperfect hexagonal ice crystal with a size of 60 μm for cirrus. The method was used in the CLIWANET-project and will be the basis to the algorithm for AVHRR and SEVIRI radiances for EUMETSAT's Sattelite Application facility on climate monitoring.

scholarly journals Nucleation of Hexagonal Ice (Ih) in Liquid Water

2003 ◽  
Vol 125 (25) ◽  
pp. 7743-7747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravi Radhakrishnan ◽  
Bernhardt L. Trout
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Water ◽  
Hexagonal Ice
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