Single Molecular Reaction of Water on a ZnO Surface

Nano Letters ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Shi ◽  
Hao Yuan ◽  
Yuniu Sun ◽  
Xinbo Ma ◽  
Zhe Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Author(s):  
Niels Engholm Henriksen ◽  
Flemming Yssing Hansen

This introductory chapter considers first the relation between molecular reaction dynamics and the major branches of physical chemistry. The concept of elementary chemical reactions at the quantized state-to-state level is discussed. The theoretical description of these reactions based on the time-dependent Schrödinger equation and the Born–Oppenheimer approximation is introduced and the resulting time-dependent Schrödinger equation describing the nuclear dynamics is discussed. The chapter concludes with a brief discussion of matter at thermal equilibrium, focusing at the Boltzmann distribution. Thus, the Boltzmann distribution for vibrational, rotational, and translational degrees of freedom is discussed and illustrated.


2018 ◽  
Vol 149 (15) ◽  
pp. 154103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Bittracher ◽  
Ralf Banisch ◽  
Christof Schütte

1981 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 2583-2583
Author(s):  
N. Karlov ◽  
B. Krynetsky ◽  
V. Mishin ◽  
A. Prokhorov ◽  
O. Stel'makh

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Dolores ◽  
Alma Villaseñor ◽  
Alma Revilla Vázquez ◽  
Helgi Jung ◽  
Victor Hugo Santiago Rios ◽  
...  

Abstract. Curcumin has gained great attention in the last decades due to its fascinating properties for humans, such as anti-inflammatory or as cytotoxic against cancer. These effects are also claimed for pets such as cats and dogs, where curcumin administration is a daily practice routine. However, curcumin presents poor oral bioavailability, driving scientists to look for new delivery systems. In the last decades, several analytical methods for the quantification of curcumin in plasma have been published. To our knowledge there are no published reports on the effect of the level of hemolysis in the determination of this compound. In the present paper, a highly specific, sensitive and selective method is presented using Molecular Reaction Monitoring (SRM) using positive ionization (ESI+) mode. Curcumin and clopidogrel bisulfate – used as internal standard (IS) – were separated on an Acquity UPLC BECH Shield RP 18 column (1.7µm, 2.1 X 100mm) with 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile and water in proportion of 60:40 (v/v). The analyte transitions were 369.3→177.06 m/z for curcumin and 322→212.05 m/z for IS. The method was fully validated and showed good linearity (R2 ≥ 0.999) over the range of 3-160 ng/mL. The Relative Standard Deviation (RSD) were less than 6% for intra-and inter-day analysis and recovery spanned 85-95%. We proved that the degree of hemolysis impaired curcumin quantitation. This method was applied to test curcumin bioavailability in both a mucoadhesive nanocapsule formulation and traditional capsules in dogs that attended routine veterinary consultation.Resumen. La curcumina ha ganado gran atención en las últimas décadas debido a sus propiedades terapéuticas para los humanos, como antiinflamatorio o citotóxico contra el cáncer. Estos efectos también se observan en pequeñas especies como gatos y perros, donde la administración de curcumina se ha vuelto una alternativa. Sin embargo, la curcumina presenta una baja biodisponibilidad oral, lo que impulsa a los científicos a buscar nuevos sistemas de administración. En las últimas décadas, se han publicado varios métodos analíticos para la cuantificación de curcumina en plasma. Actualmente, no hay informes publicados sobre el efecto del grado de hemólisis en la determinación de este compuesto. En este trabajo se desarrolló un método específico, sensible y selectivo utilizando el Monitoreo de reacción seleccionado (SRM) en modo de ionización positiva (ESI +). La curcumina y el bisulfato de clopidogrel, utilizado como patrón interno (IS), se separaron en una columna Acquity UPLC BECH Shield RP 18 (1,7 μm, 2,1 X 100 mm) con ácido fórmico al 0,1% en acetonitrilo y agua a una proporción de 60:40 (v/v). Las transiciones de los analitos fueron 369.3 → 177.06 m/z para curcumina y 322 → 212.05 m/z para IS. El método fue validado y demostró ser lineal (r2 ≥ 0.999) en el rango de 3-160 ng/mL. La desviación relativa estándar (RSD) fue inferior al 6% para el análisis intra e interdía y el porcentaje de recuperación fue 85-95%. Se descubrió que el grado de hemólisis afecta la cuantificación de curcumina. El método desarrollado se aplicó para evaluar la biodisponibilidad de curcumina tanto en una formulación de nanocápsulas mucoadhesivas como en cápsulas tradicionales en perros que asistieron a consultas veterinarias de rutina.


Author(s):  
Edgar Alfredo González-Galindo ◽  
Víctor Hugo Soriano-Hernández ◽  
Jorge Pérez-García ◽  
Guadalupe Hernández-Hernández

A channel-type Fresnel surface was designed using the polynomial interpolation adjustment method. The experimental arrangement was composed of a metal complex, a high power LED lighting source, a cooling system and a Fresnel concentrator. The tests were done in a dark chamber, placing the compound at an effective focal distance from the reflected rays of the concentrator, for a time. By exposing the sample to the LED irradiation, its changes were registered in a UV-Vis spectrophotometer, obtaining an absorbance graph vs wavelength, the changes observed in the transition bands in displacement and intensity of the blue region to the red of the spectrum, confirmed the efficiency and usefulness of the Fresnel-type concentrator in the development of the photochemical reactor. This photochemical reactor has an advantage over commercial reactors, because it uses samples of compounds in small solutions, is portable, it can be implemented in university and pharmaceutical laboratories. The results were favorable, a low energy consumption was obtained, and a reduction of time in the molecular reaction process of the analyzed compound.


Nature ◽  
1921 ◽  
Vol 108 (2711) ◽  
pp. 211-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. GARNER
Keyword(s):  

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