Photovoltaic Cycling to-and-fro Actuation of a Water-Microdroplet for Automatic Repeatable Solute Acquisition on Oil-Infused Hydrophobic LN:Fe Surface

ACS Photonics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 639-647
Author(s):  
Xiong Zhang ◽  
Euphrem Rwagasore Mugisha ◽  
Yuhang Mi ◽  
Xiaohu Liu ◽  
Mengtong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solute Acquisition

scholarly journals Chemical Models of Solute Acquisition in Glacial Melt Waters

1984 ◽  
Vol 30 (104) ◽  
pp. 49-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Raiswell
Keyword(s):  
Closed System ◽  
Mineral Weathering ◽  
Hydrogen Ion ◽  
Mixing Ratio ◽  
System Models ◽  
Chemical Models ◽  
Rock Mineral ◽  
Carbonate Equilibria ◽  
Solute Acquisition ◽  
Final Composition

AbstractChemical models for the evolution of bulk melt waters can be constructed by assuming that rock mineral weathering and solute acquisition are controlled by carbonate equilibria. Different open- and closed- system models are defined by variations in the rates of weathering relative to the rate of hydrogen-ion supply by the dissolution and dissociation of CO2, and can be recognized by characteristic pH and ∑+relationships. The observed and inferred compositions of englacial and subglacial melt suggest that mixing is unlikely to be conservative and that closed-system conditions result where post-mixing weathering reactions occur. The final composition of bulk melt waters is determined by the mixing ratio between englacial and subglacial melt, the extent of post-mixing evolution, and opportunity for mixing with ground waters or re-equilibration with the atmosphere.

Aquatic geochemistry of a major freshwater lake in the Kashmir Himalaya: solute acquisition and denudation process in the lacustrine system

2021 ◽  
Vol 193 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rouf Ahmad Shah ◽  
Javid Ahmad Ganaie ◽  
Sayar Yaseen ◽  
Jairam Singh Yadav ◽  
Santosh Kumar Rai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Freshwater Lake ◽  
Kashmir Himalaya ◽  
Solute Acquisition ◽  
Aquatic Geochemistry

scholarly journals A conceptual model of solute acquisition by Alpine glacial meltwaters

1993 ◽  
Vol 39 (133) ◽  
pp. 573-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martyn Tranter ◽  
Giles Brown ◽  
Robert Raiswell ◽  
Martin Sharp ◽  
Angela Gurnell
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Atmospheric Gases ◽  
Exchange Reactions ◽  
Surface Exchange ◽  
Suspended Sediment Concentrations ◽  
Slow Transit ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Solute Acquisition

Abstract Solute acquisition by Alpine glacial meltwaters is the result of the coupling of different pairs of reactions, one of which usually involves dissolved gases. Hence, the availability of atmospheric gases to solution is an important control on the composition of glacial meltwaters. The chemical compositions of the two main components of the bulk meltwater, quick flow and delayed flow, are dominated by different geochemical processes. Delayed flow waters are solute-rich and exhibit high p(CO2) characteristics. The slow transit of these waters through a distributed drainage system and the predominance of relatively rapid reactions, such as sulphide oxidation and carbonate dissolution, in this environment maximize solute acquisition. Quick-flow waters are dilute, both because of their rapid transit through ice-walled conduits and open channels, and because the weathering reactions are fuelled by relatively slow gaseous diffusion of (CO2) into solution, despite solute acquisition being dominated by rapid surface exchange reactions. As a consequence, quick flow usually bears a low or open-system p(CO2) signature. Bulk meltwaters are more likely to exhibit low p(CO2) values when suspended-sediment concentrations are high, which promotes post-mixing reactions. This conceptual model suggests that the composition of both quick flow and delayed flow is likely to be temporally variable, since kinetic, rather than equilibrium, factors determine the composition.

scholarly journals Solute Acquisition in Glacial Melt Waters. II Argentière (French Alps): Bulk Melt Waters with Open-System Characteristics

1984 ◽  
Vol 30 (104) ◽  
pp. 44-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.G. Thomas ◽  
R. Raiswell
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Open System ◽  
Closed System ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Solute Acquisition ◽  
System Characteristics

AbstractVariations in dissolved cations, total alkalinity, sulphate, and field pH are recorded for subglacial melt and bulk melt waters (those emerging from the portal) at Argentière (France), in peak and recession flow conditions. Calcium and bicarbonate are the major ions and the bulk melt waters are demonstrated to have acquired solutes by weathering and dissolution in a system open to atmospheric carbon dioxide. Subglacial melt waters have closed-system characteristics, are close to saturation with calcite and quartz, and must be in near-equilibrium with weathered particulates. Recession-flow bulk melt waters are chemically similar to subglacial melt but have open-system characteristics, either due to re-equilibration with the atmosphere for ground-water mixing.

Kinetics of solute acquisition from the dissolution of suspended sediment in subglacial channels

2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (18) ◽  
pp. 3487-3497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giles H. Brown ◽  
Bryn Hubbard ◽  
Andrew G. Seagren
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Sediment ◽  
Solute Acquisition ◽  
Kinetics Of

scholarly journals A conceptual model of solute acquisition by Alpine glacial meltwaters

1993 ◽  
Vol 39 (133) ◽  
pp. 573-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martyn Tranter ◽  
Giles Brown ◽  
Robert Raiswell ◽  
Martin Sharp ◽  
Angela Gurnell
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Atmospheric Gases ◽  
Exchange Reactions ◽  
Surface Exchange ◽  
Suspended Sediment Concentrations ◽  
Slow Transit ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Solute Acquisition

AbstractSolute acquisition by Alpine glacial meltwaters is the result of the coupling of different pairs of reactions, one of which usually involves dissolved gases. Hence, the availability of atmospheric gases to solution is an important control on the composition of glacial meltwaters. The chemical compositions of the two main components of the bulk meltwater, quick flow and delayed flow, are dominated by different geochemical processes. Delayed flow waters are solute-rich and exhibit high p(CO2) characteristics. The slow transit of these waters through a distributed drainage system and the predominance of relatively rapid reactions, such as sulphide oxidation and carbonate dissolution, in this environment maximize solute acquisition. Quick-flow waters are dilute, both because of their rapid transit through ice-walled conduits and open channels, and because the weathering reactions are fuelled by relatively slow gaseous diffusion of (CO2) into solution, despite solute acquisition being dominated by rapid surface exchange reactions. As a consequence, quick flow usually bears a low or open-system p(CO2) signature. Bulk meltwaters are more likely to exhibit low p(CO2) values when suspended-sediment concentrations are high, which promotes post-mixing reactions. This conceptual model suggests that the composition of both quick flow and delayed flow is likely to be temporally variable, since kinetic, rather than equilibrium, factors determine the composition.

scholarly journals Solute Acquisition in Glacial Melt Waters. II Argentière (French Alps): Bulk Melt Waters with Open-System Characteristics

1984 ◽  
Vol 30 (104) ◽  
pp. 44-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.G. Thomas ◽  
R. Raiswell
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Open System ◽  
Closed System ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Solute Acquisition ◽  
System Characteristics

AbstractVariations in dissolved cations, total alkalinity, sulphate, and field pH are recorded for subglacial melt and bulk melt waters (those emerging from the portal) at Argentière (France), in peak and recession flow conditions. Calcium and bicarbonate are the major ions and the bulk melt waters are demonstrated to have acquired solutes by weathering and dissolution in a system open to atmospheric carbon dioxide. Subglacial melt waters have closed-system characteristics, are close to saturation with calcite and quartz, and must be in near-equilibrium with weathered particulates. Recession-flow bulk melt waters are chemically similar to subglacial melt but have open-system characteristics, either due to re-equilibration with the atmosphere for ground-water mixing.

scholarly journals Enhancement of glacial solute fluxes in the proglacial zone of a polythermal glacier

2001 ◽  
Vol 47 (158) ◽  
pp. 378-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L Wadham ◽  
R. J. Cooper ◽  
M. Tranter ◽  
R. Hodgkins
Keyword(s):  
Active Layer ◽  
Chemical Weathering ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Weathering Rate ◽  
Glacier Terminus ◽  
Solute Fluxes ◽  
Solute Acquisition ◽  
Polythermal Glacier ◽  
Arctic Glacier ◽  
Chemical Weathering Rate

AbstractAnnual proglacial solute fluxes and chemical weathering rates at a polythermal high-Arctic glacier are presented. Bulk meltwater chemistry and discharge were monitored continuously at gauging stations located at the eastern and western margins of the glacier terminus and at “the Outlet”, 2.5 km downstream where meltwaters discharge into the fjord. Fluxes of non-snowpack HCO3−, SO42−, Ca2+ and Mg2+ increase by 30–47% between the glacier terminus and the Outlet, indicating that meltwaters are able to access and chemically weather efflorescent sulphates, carbonates and sulphides in the proglacial zone. Smaller increases in the fluxes of non-snowpack-derived Na+, K+ and Si indicate that proglacial chemical weathering of silicates is less significant. En3hanced solute fluxes in the proglacial zone are mainly due to the chemical weathering of active-layer sediments. The PCO2 of active-layer ground-waters is above atmospheric pressure. This implies that solute acquisition in the active layer involves no drawdown of CO2. The annual proglacial chemical weathering rate in 1999 is calculated to be 2600 meqΣ+ m−2. This exceeds the chemical weathering rate for the glaciated part of the catchment (790 meqΣ+ m−2) by a factor of 3.3. Hence, the proglacial zone at Finster-walderbreen is identified as an area of high geochemical reactivity and a source of CO2.

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