scholarly journals On Synthesis and Optimization of Cooling Water Systems with Multiple Cooling Towers

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 3775-3787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khunedi Vincent Gololo ◽  
Thokozani Majozi
Keyword(s):  
Cooling Water ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Cooling Towers

A Review of Common Problems Observed in Cooling Water Intakes and the Use of Physical Models to Develop Effective Solutions

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Werth ◽  
Matthew Havice
Keyword(s):  
Physical Model ◽  
Cooling Tower ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Cooling Towers ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Design Features ◽  
Model Studies ◽  
Common Problems

Pump intake structures are a necessary component of the cooling water systems for power plants, process and manufacturing facilities, flood control and water/wastewater applications. Large cooling water systems often use substantial sea / river water intakes or cooling towers to provide the required cooling of the process or circulating water. These structures can be very large and often house multiple pump with capacities ranging in size from a few hundred m3/hr to 60,000 m3/hr or more. With such large flow rates care must be taken to ensure uniform flow to the pump to limit vortex activity, vibration, flow induced cavitation and performance problems. In many cases, a physical hydraulic model study is conducted to evaluate the overall approach flow and the performance of the intake. This paper presents a synopsis of several recent physical model studies and a review of recurring problems associated with common design features. This paper takes a closer look at stop log support walls, an intake design feature common to seawater intakes. This wall is often used to minimize the height of the stop logs. In applications with large variations of water level, such as a seawater intake, there are times when the support walls are submerged significantly, resulting in significant flow disturbances. A feature common to cooling towers is the use of 90-degree suction elbows to supply horizontal pumps. A review of short radius vs. long radius elbow performance is presented. Cooling towers often have another common feature which is a significant difference in depth between the cooling tower basin and the pump sump. This results in typical shallow basins and deeper sumps. A common problem is the utilization of minimum pump submergence to set the water levels without reference to the basin invert elevation. A discussion of choked flow conditions in cooling towers is presented. A final discussion is presented regarding cross-flow and the use of concentrated supply channels in cooling tower applications to facilitate the isolation of individual tower cells. This paper presents a synopsis of several recent physical model studies and a review of recurring problems associated with common intake design features. The results of several model studies are presented to demonstrate the negative impacts that these common intake features have on approach flow conditions. The intent of the paper is to provide the design engineer some additional guidance not offered in industry guidelines or standards with the hope of avoiding common problems which can be costly and difficult to remediate after the intake has been constructed.

Synthesis of cooling water systems with multiple cooling towers

2013 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 957-974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eusiel Rubio-Castro ◽  
Medardo Serna-González ◽  
José María Ponce-Ortega ◽  
Mahmoud M. El-Halwagi
Keyword(s):  
Cooling Water ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Cooling Towers

74. Legionella Investigations in Cooling Towers and Hot Water Systems

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Chamorro ◽  
J. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Water Systems ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Cooling Towers

Challenges in laser cooling water systems

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Capener ◽  
James Dillon ◽  
Brian Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Laser Cooling ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Water Systems

Legionnaire’s disease and COVID-19: Could Legionella be acting in conjunction with the Corona virus to aggravate the COVID-19 disease?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew John PENDERY
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Cooling Towers ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Legionnaire's Disease ◽  
Legionnaire’S Disease

There are some striking similarities between Legionnaire’s disease and COVID-19. Thesymptoms, age group and sex at risk are identical. The geographical distribution of both diseases is similar in Europe overall, and within the USA, France and Italy. The environmental distributions are also similar. However Legionnaire’s disease is caused by Legionella bacteria while COVID-19 is caused by the Corona virus. Whereas COVID-19 is contagious, Legionnaire’s disease is environmental. Legionella bacteria are commonly found in drinking water systems and near air conditioning cooling towers. Legionnaire’sdisease is caught by inhaling contaminated water droplets. The Legionella bacteria does not spread person to person and only causes disease if it enters the lungs.Could the Corona virus be making it easier for Legionella bacteria to enter the lungs?

Fluorescent-tagged no phosphate and nitrogen free calcium phosphate scale inhibitor for cooling water systems

2009 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 1966-1974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun Du ◽  
Yuming Zhou ◽  
Liuqian Wang ◽  
Yingying Wang
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Free Calcium ◽  
Scale Inhibitor
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