Transference Numbers of Concentrated Electrolytes and Characterization of Salt Bridges in the Ethanol + Water Solvent Mixtures

1995 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 862-868 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Mussini ◽  
T. Mussini ◽  
A. Perelli ◽  
S. Rondinini
Keyword(s):  
Transference Numbers ◽  
Solvent Mixtures ◽  
Salt Bridges ◽  
Water Solvent ◽  
Concentrated Electrolytes

Transference Numbers of Alkali Chlorides and Characterization of Salt Bridges for Use in Methanol + Water Mixed Solvents

1999 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 1002-1008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Basili ◽  
Patrizia R. Mussini ◽  
Torquato Mussini ◽  
Sandra Rondinini ◽  
Barbara Sala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Solvents ◽  
Transference Numbers ◽  
Salt Bridges ◽  
Alkali Chlorides

Characterization of ternary solvent mixtures: the methanol/ethanol/acetone mixture

2003 ◽  
Vol 371 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 645-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Dı́az ◽  
L Barrio ◽  
J Catalán
Keyword(s):  
Solvent Mixtures

scholarly journals Structural Characterization of Charcoal Exposed to High and Low Ph: Implications for 14C Sample Preparation and Charcoal Preservation

Radiocarbon ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
N R Rebollo ◽  
I Cohen-Ofri ◽  
R Popovitz-Biro ◽  
O Bar-Yosef ◽  
L Meignen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Upper Paleolithic ◽  
Salt Bridges ◽  
Weight Losses ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Early Upper Paleolithic ◽  
Early Upper

Chemical and structural similarities between poorly preserved charcoal and its contaminants, as well as low radiocarbon concentrations in old samples, complicate 14C age determinations. Here, we characterize 4 fossil charcoal samples from the late Middle Paleolithic and early Upper Paleolithic strata of Kebara Cave, Israel, with respect to the structural and chemical changes that occur when they are subjected to the acid-base-acid (ABA) treatment. Differential thermal analysis and TEM show that acid treatment disrupts the structure, whereas alkali treatment results in the reformation of molecular aggregates. The major changes are ascribed to the formation of salt bridges at high pH and the disruption of the graphite-like crystallites at low pH. Weight losses during the treatments are consistently greater for older samples, implying that they are less well preserved. Based on the changes observed in vitro due to pH fluctuations, various methods for removing contamination, as well as a mechanism for preferential preservation of charcoal in nature, are proposed.

The fractal calibration method applied to the characterization of polymers in solvent mixtures and in mixed gel packings by SEC

2007 ◽  
Vol 30 (13) ◽  
pp. 2037-2045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iolanda Porcar ◽  
Rosa García-Lopera ◽  
Concepción Abad ◽  
Agustín Campos
Keyword(s):  
Calibration Method ◽  
Solvent Mixtures
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