Comparative Effects of Cellulose and Soluble Fibers (Pectin, Konjac Glucomannan, Inulin) on Fecal Water Toxicity toward Caco-2 Cells, Fecal Bacteria Enzymes, Bile Acid, and Short-Chain Fatty Acids

Ketogenic diet (KD), a high fat and very low carbohydrates diet, is used worldwide for the treatment of drug resistant epilepsy but, due to its composition, it might exert an impact on gut health. Even though data of KD effects on intestinal microbiota changes are recently emerging, its influence on the gut environment has been scarcely addressed so far. The aim of this study was to investigate whether 1 month of KD affects the gut environment in epileptic patients, by analyzing short chain fatty acids (SCFA) production and fecal water toxicity. A total of seven patients were enrolled. Stool samples were collected before (T0) and after 1 month of KD (4:1 ketogenic ratio) (T1). SCFA were determined by GC-FID and fecal water toxicity in Caco-2 cell culture by comet assay. Concentrations of SCFA significantly decreased after KD (p < 0.05): in particular, we found a 55% reduction of total SCFA level, a 64% reduction of acetate, 33% of propionate, and 20% of butyrate (p < 0.05). Cytotoxicity of fecal water extracted from stool samples was not significantly altered by diet, while genotoxicity was slightly decreased after KD (p < 0.05). Genotoxicity values were consistent with data previously obtained from a healthy Italian population. The present study suggests that 1 month of KD significantly reduce SCFA production. Since SCFA produced by gut microbiota exert many health promoting effects on either the gut environment or human metabolism, these results open a new branch of investigation into KD effects.

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Bifidobacterium animalis F1-7 in combination with konjac glucomannan improves constipation in mice via humoral transport

Food & Function ◽

10.1039/d0fo02227f ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Youyou Lu ◽

Zhuang Yu ◽

Zhe Zhang ◽

Xi Liang ◽

Pimin Gong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Konjac Glucomannan ◽

Short Chain ◽

Bifidobacterium Animalis ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

Bifidobacterium animalis F1-7 in combination with konjac glucomannan promoted the metabolism of tryptophan and short-chain fatty acids, regulated humoral transport and improved constipation.

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Degradation of Konjac Glucomannan by Enzymes in Human Feces and Formation of Short-Chain Fatty Acids by Intestinal Anaerobic Bacteria.

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology ◽

10.3177/jnsv.44.423 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 44 (3) ◽

pp. 423-436 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Yasushi MATSUURA

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Anaerobic Bacteria ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Konjac Glucomannan ◽

Short Chain ◽

Human Feces ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

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Cholestyramine, a Bile Acid Sequestrant, Increases Cecal Short Chain Fatty Acids and Intestinal Immunoglobulin A in Mice

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin ◽

10.1248/bpb.b19-00923 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 43 (3) ◽

pp. 565-568 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Saki Nishida ◽

Ayumu Horinouchi ◽

Yasuki Higashimura ◽

Reina Akahori ◽

Kenji Matsumoto

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Bile Acid ◽

Immunoglobulin A ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Bile Acid Sequestrant ◽

Short Chain ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

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Konjac glucomannan polysaccharide and inulin oligosaccharide ameliorate dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis and alterations in fecal microbiota and short-chain fatty acids in C57BL/6J mice

BioMedicine ◽

10.37796/2211-8039.1191 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 23-30

Author(s):

Chih-Hsuan Changchien ◽

Cheng-Hsin Wang ◽

Hsiao-ling Chen

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Sodium Sulfate ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Fecal Microbiota ◽

Konjac Glucomannan ◽

Dextran Sodium Sulfate ◽

Short Chain ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

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Short-chain fatty acids stimulate motility of the canine ileum

AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpgi.1987.253.4.g427 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 253 (4) ◽

pp. G427-G433 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

P. S. Kamath ◽

M. T. Hoepfner ◽

S. F. Phillips

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Bile Acid ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Short Chain ◽

Intraluminal Pressure ◽

Related Effect ◽

Ileal Motility ◽

Stimulation Of ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

Based on earlier observations that colonic contents stimulated ileal motility in the dog, our hypothesis is that the ileum would respond to physiological amounts of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). Four dogs had isolated ileocolonic loops constructed surgically and boluses of test solutions (15 ml) were instilled into the distal ileum through a small catheter. Intraluminal pressure catheters were used to record motility. Concentrations of SCFA (also called volatile fatty acids) comparable to those found in dog stool (108 mM; 66% acetic, 24% propionic, and 10% butyric acids) regularly stimulated motility with a dose-related effect. The response was not due to the pH of the SCFA solutions and was independent of the pH at which SCFA were instilled. Ricinoleic acid (4 mM) also stimulated motility, as did chenodeoxycholic acid; the bile acid was active only at supraphysiological concentrations (approximately 7.6 mM). Instillates that simulated the composition of ileal chyme in malabsorptive states were without effect. The results suggest that the ileum can "sense" the presence of colonic contents in the lumen and that SCFA are the responsible mechanisms. Stimulation of ileal motility by SCFA could be a response to coloileal reflux.

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