Protonolysis of Dimethylplatinum(II) Complexes:  Primary Attack at Metal or Ligand

2000 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 563-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin G. Hinman ◽  
Cliff R. Baar ◽  
Michael C. Jennings ◽  
Richard J. Puddephatt
Keyword(s):  
Primary Attack

Vulcanization with TMTD

1959 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 721-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Bevilacqua
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Experimental Basis ◽  
Complete Understanding ◽  
Primary Attack ◽  
Interesting Possibility ◽  
Two Alternatives

Abstract The mechanism reviewed in some detail here appears adequate to explain substantially all that is now known about vulcanization with TMTD. It has predicted accurately the stoichiometric relationships between the reagents entering into the vulcanization reaction and the known products formed. It presumes that vulcanization is a primary consequence of the interaction of rubber, TMTD, and zinc oxide and not an incidental result. It is not, however, fully established by the evidence now available. In particular the studies by Scheele and coworkers (as exemplified by Reference 33). on the reaction of zinc oxide with thiuram disulfides suggest the interesting possibility that primary attack during vulcanization is on the oxide rather than the hydrocarbon, as assumed in this discussion. There is at present no experimental basis on which to eliminate either of these two alternatives. The success of the mechanism reviewed here in delimiting stoichiometry of the reaction makes it a convenient framework from which to develop a complete understanding of the reaction.

scholarly journals Minimal in-school SARS-CoV-2 transmission with strict mitigation protocols at two independent schools in Nashville, TN

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren S Peetluk ◽  
Peter F Rebeiro ◽  
Kathryn M Edwards ◽  
Ritu Banerjee ◽  
Simon A Mallal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cumulative Incidence ◽  
Independent Schools ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
School Year ◽  
Primary Attack ◽  
Community Transmission ◽  
School Operations ◽  
Exposure Setting

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has greatly impacted school operations. To better understand the role of schools in COVID-19 transmission, we evaluated infections at two independent schools in Nashville, TN during the 2020-2021 school year. METHODS: The cumulative incidence of COVID-19 within each school, age group, and exposure setting were estimated and compared to local incidence. Primary attack rates were estimated among students quarantined for in-school close contact. RESULTS: Among 1401 students who attended school during the study period, 98 cases of COVID-19 were reported, corresponding to cumulative incidence of 7.0% (95% confidence interval (CI): 5.7-8.5). Most cases were linked to household (58%) or community (31%) transmission, with few linked to in-school transmission (11%). Overall, 619 students were quarantined, corresponding to >5000 person-days of missed school, among whom only 5 tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 during quarantine (primary attack rate: 0.8%, 95% CI: 0.3, 1.9). Weekly case rates at school were not correlated with community transmission. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that transmission of COVID-19 in schools is minimal when strict mitigation measures are used, even during periods of extensive community transmission. Strict quarantine of contacts may lead to unnecessary missed school days with minimal benefit to in-school transmission.

The gametocytocidal action of paludrine upon infections of Plasmodium falciparum

Parasitology ◽  
1948 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 264-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. Shute ◽  
M. Maryon
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Peripheral Circulation ◽  
Anopheles Albimanus ◽  
Destructive Action ◽  
Primary Attack ◽  
Long Time

That quinine has little or no destructive action against gametocytes of Plasmodium Falciparum (crescents) has been known for a long time. Marchiafava & Bignami (1900) pointed out that quinine (grains xxx daily) over a period of time did not perceptibly affect the sexual parasites of P. falciparum. Darling (1914), working in the Panama Zone, showed that Anopheles albimanus readily became infected when fed upon carriers of M.T. crescents who were taking xxx grains of quinine daily. These and other experiments showed that quinine, even in large doses, has no direct destructive action on crescents, and does not prevent mosquitoes from becoming infected once the.crescents are formed and are present in the peripheral circulation. However, quinine given in heavy doses during the first day or two of a primary attack, restricts and reduces the asexual source of supply.

The Occurrence of Gametocytes of Plasmodium Vivax during the Primary Attack 1

1936 ◽  
Vol s1-16 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark F. Boyd ◽  
Hugo Muench ◽  
W. K. Stratman-Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Vivax ◽  
Primary Attack

A Long-Delayed Primary Attack of Ovale Malaria

1963 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 837-839 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Trager ◽  
Harry Most
Keyword(s):  
Primary Attack

The Delayed Primary Attack of Vivax Malaria

1946 ◽  
Vol 235 (12) ◽  
pp. 406-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irving M. London ◽  
Charles A. Kane ◽  
Edmund F. Schroeder ◽  
Harry Most
Keyword(s):  
Vivax Malaria ◽  
Primary Attack

scholarly journals Investigation of the Hardening Reaction of Gelatin with 13C Labeled Formaldehyde by Solution and Solid State 13C NMR Spectroscopy

1991 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Albert ◽  
Ernst Bayer ◽  
Alfred Wörsching ◽  
Herbert Vögele
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
13C Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Primary Attack ◽  
Lysine Residues ◽  
Arginine Residues ◽  
C Nmr ◽  
Solid State 13C Nmr ◽  
Model Reactions

Model reactions of the hardening of gelatin with 13C labeled formaldehyde were monitored by 13C NMR spectroscopy in solution and in the solid state. In solution primary attack of formaldehyde first forms methylols of lysine residues and later of arginine residues, which react to a lysine-arginine crosslink. During the drying process of hardened gelatin, in addition to the lysine-arginine crosslink an arginine-arginine crosslink is formed. The rate of crosslink formation is strongly influenced by humidity.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF CORTISONE ON PRIMATE MALARIA

1951 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 501-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. H. Schmidt ◽  
Wanda L. Squires
Keyword(s):  
Rhesus Monkey ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Phagocytic Activity ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Inguinal Lymph Nodes ◽  
Primary Attack ◽  
Complete Obliteration ◽  
Per Se

Studies have been made of the effects of cortisone on the course of primary and developed infections with P. cynomolgi in the rhesus monkey. This investigation has shown that repetitive admmistration of the hormone in daily doses of 10 mg. per kg. during the primary attack produced striking intensification of the peripheral blood infection during the postcrisis phases of the disease. Similar administration of 10 or 50 mg. per kg. doses of the hormone during the chronic or latent stages of the infection provoked recrudescences of remarkable severity. In both early and late infections the responses induced by cortisone treatment corresponded closely to the reactions to splenectomy. Collateral studies have shown that the doses of cortisone which produced the reactions described above also evoked a lymphopenia, marked reductions in the sizes of the axillary and inguinal lymph nodes and spleen, and striking histological changes in the latter organ. These changes involved severe regression or exhaustion of lymphoid elements in both splenic nodules and pulp with almost complete obliteration of proliferative activities involved in the production of macrophages from lymphocytes. Indications are that the resulting reduction in supply of macrophages, rather than inhibition of phagocytic activity per se, was responsible for the intensification of the disease produced by cortisone.

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