Phase-Transfer Catalytic Reaction of 4,4‘-Bis(Chloromethyl)-1,1‘-biphenyl and 1-Butanol in a Two-Phase Medium

In this paper, the plasma discharge in a high-pressure fluid stream in order to produce gaseous hydrogen was studied. Methods and equipment have been developed for the excitation of a plasma discharge in a stream of liquid medium. The fluid flow under excessive pressure is directed to a hydrodynamic emitter located at the reactor inlet where a supersonic two-phase vapor-liquid flow under reduced pressure is formed in the liquid due to the pressure drop and decrease in the flow enthalpy. Electrodes are located in the reactor where an electric field is created using an external power source (the strength of the field exceeds the breakdown threshold of this two-phase medium) leading to theinitiation of a low-temperature glow quasi-stationary plasma discharge.A theoretical estimation of the parameters of this type of discharge has been carried out. It is shown that the lowtemperature plasma initiated under the flow conditions of a liquid-phase medium in the discharge gap between the electrodes can effectively decompose the hydrogen-containing molecules of organic compounds in a liquid with the formation of gaseous products where the content of hydrogen is more than 90%. In the process simulation, theoretical calculations of the voltage and discharge current were also made which are in good agreement with the experimental data. The reaction unit used in the experiments was of a volume of 50 ml and reaction capacity appeared to be about 1.5 liters of hydrogen per minute when using a mixture of oxygen-containing organic compounds as a raw material. During their decomposition in plasma, solid-phase products are also formed in insignificant amounts: carbon nanoparticles and oxide nanoparticles of discharge electrode materials.

Download Full-text

Some 1-substitution derivatives of 4-aryl-2,3-dihalogeno-1-naphthols

Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications ◽

10.1135/cccc19840110 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 49 (1) ◽

pp. 110-121 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jiří Křepelka ◽

Drahuše Vlčková ◽

Milan Mělka

Keyword(s):

Thionyl Chloride ◽

Oxirane Ring ◽

Secondary Amines ◽

Two Phase ◽

Lytic Effect ◽

Primary And Secondary Amines ◽

Phase Medium ◽

Chloro Derivatives ◽

Derivatives Of

Alkylation of derivatives of 4-aryl-1-naphthols (I-V) by 2,3-epoxypropyl chloride in methanolic sodium hydroxide gave epoxy derivatives VI, VIII, IX, XI and XII, apart from products of cleavage of the oxirane ring, VII and X. Analogous alkylation of compounds I, IV and V by 2-(N,N-diethylamino)ethyl chloride hydrochloride in a two-phase medium afforded basic ethers XIII to XV. The cleavage of the oxirane ring in compound VI by the action of primary and secondary amines, piperidine and substituted piperazines led to compounds XVI-XXIV. Reaction of thionyl chloride with compounds XXI, XXII and XXIV gave chloro derivatives XXV-XXVII.Exposure of compound XXII to 4-methylbenzenesulfonyl chloride produced compound XXVIII, retaining the secondary alcoholic group. In an antineoplastic screening in vivo none of the compounds prepared had an appreciable activity. Compound XVII, being an analogue of propranolol, was used in the test of isoproterenolic tachycardia, and showed a beta-lytic effect comparable with that of propranol.

Download Full-text

Thermocapillary effects in two-phase medium and applications to metal-silicate separation

Physics of The Earth and Planetary Interiors ◽

10.1016/j.pepi.2020.106640 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 106640

Author(s):

Yanick Ricard ◽

Stéphane Labrosse ◽

Hidenori Terasaki ◽

David Bercovici

Keyword(s):

Two Phase ◽

Metal Silicate ◽

Phase Medium

Download Full-text

A Two-Phase Fashion Apparel Detection Method Based on YOLOv4

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11093782 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 3782

Author(s):

Chu-Hui Lee ◽

Chen-Wei Lin

Keyword(s):

Object Detection ◽

Transfer Learning ◽

Detection Method ◽

Phase Transfer ◽

Recognition Task ◽

Phase Detection ◽

Target Domain ◽

Two Phase ◽

Detection Technology ◽

Fashion Apparel

Object detection is one of the important technologies in the field of computer vision. In the area of fashion apparel, object detection technology has various applications, such as apparel recognition, apparel detection, fashion recommendation, and online search. The recognition task is difficult for a computer because fashion apparel images have different characteristics of clothing appearance and material. Currently, fast and accurate object detection is the most important goal in this field. In this study, we proposed a two-phase fashion apparel detection method named YOLOv4-TPD (YOLOv4 Two-Phase Detection), based on the YOLOv4 algorithm, to address this challenge. The target categories for model detection were divided into the jacket, top, pants, skirt, and bag. According to the definition of inductive transfer learning, the purpose was to transfer the knowledge from the source domain to the target domain that could improve the effect of tasks in the target domain. Therefore, we used the two-phase training method to implement the transfer learning. Finally, the experimental results showed that the mAP of our model was better than the original YOLOv4 model through the two-phase transfer learning. The proposed model has multiple potential applications, such as an automatic labeling system, style retrieval, and similarity detection.

Download Full-text