thionyl chloride
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Synthesis ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexey V. Nizovtsev ◽  
Nicolai V. Bovin

AbstractA new convenient synthetic route to 2-aminopropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid is described. The first two stages of the three-step synthesis are performed in a one-pot procedure and include the cyclization of hippuric acid with DCC followed by treatment with methyl bromoacetate to yield an alkylated oxazolone. Its hydrolysis with HCl provides 2-aminopropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid as its HCl salt. Esterification of the resulting acid with methanol in the presence of thionyl chloride leads selectively to its symmetrical diester.


Author(s):  
E.M. Petrenko ◽  
V.A. Semenova

Lithium-thionyl chloride battery voltage is practically not changing during the discharge process and drops sharply being completely discharged. In this regard, the problem of non-destructive quality control of the chemical current sources (first of all, the discharge degree) before installation thereof in the equipment becomes of particular importance. Microcalorimetric studies make it possible to rather correctly determine the current source internal self-discharge rate, predict the LCCS shelf life and its performance term. However, the heat release absolute value in current sources with sufficient storability, i.e., with low self-discharge, is very small; therefore, it is necessary to use sensitive, stationary and large-sized equipment. This makes such diagnostics impossible when operating in the stand-alone conditions. The impedance spectroscopy method could be proposed to solve this problem. However, satisfactory results are only obtained in the 0--70 % residual capacitance range. Determination of residual capacitance in the 70--100 % range appears to be rather difficult due to the absence of noticeable alteration in the informative parameter within the limits of its absolute deviation from the mean value. In this regard, it looks advisable to use noise spectroscopy as a physically independent method in diagnosing the state of chemical current sources to expand the residual capacitance diagnostics range to the 70--100 % domain, as well as to increase reliability of the chemical current source diagnostic estimate in the range of 50--70 %. Results of the electrochemical noise measurement analysis confirm promising application of the noise spectroscopy method in estimating current state of the primary chemical current sources in their low discharge domains


Molbank ◽  
10.3390/m1201 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
pp. M1201
Author(s):  
Van Hai Nguyen ◽  
Minh Ngoc Le ◽  
Hoa Binh Nguyen ◽  
Kieu Oanh Ha ◽  
Thai Ha Van Pham ◽  
...  

The title compound, propyl gallate (III), is an important substance popularly used in the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. Current chemical syntheses of this compound are based on the acylation supported by thionyl chloride, DIC/DMAP or Fischer esterification using a range of homogenous and heterogenous catalysts. In this paper, an efficient, green, straightforward, and economical method for synthesizing propyl gallate using potassium hydrogen sulfate, KHSO4, as the heterogenous acidic catalyst has been developed for the first time. In addition, this paper provides a comprehensive spectral dataset for the title compound, especially the new data on DEPT and 2D NMR (HSQC and HMBC) spectra which are not currently available in the literature.


2021 ◽  
Vol 540 ◽  
pp. 148309
Author(s):  
Varun Sharma ◽  
Tom Blomberg ◽  
Suvi Haukka ◽  
Shaun Cembella ◽  
Michael E. Givens ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
E.M. Petrenko ◽  
V.A. Semenova

Purpose of this work is to elaborate operational and reliable method for ensuring non-destructive control over primary lithium-thionyl-chloride chemical current sources (LCCS) using the impedance spectroscopy. Results and conclusions presented in this work are based on a series of experimental studies. Result reliability was experimentally proven on models and samples with known characteristics. Mathematical apparatus used in processing experimental data using the Fourier transforms allows obtaining information on impedance in a wide frequency range based on results of a single experiment and prompt calculating its main parameters (impedance imaginary value at the hodograph extreme point, its frequency, high-frequency resistance and phase). Ways to reduce the passive film influence, which is appearing on the lithium electrode during storage and operation, on the impedance characteristics are shown. Based on the electrochemical impedance spectra analysis, most informative frequency ranges were determined, and correlates were found connecting the impedance characteristics with the investigated current source state. It is proposed to use the phase angle value measured at the impedance hodograph extreme point as a correlate allowing to estimate the LCCS residual capacitance. It was determined that in assessing the LCCS discharge degree in the range of 0--70 % residual capacity, results of impedance spectroscopy are being quite informative


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andryj Borys ◽  
Ewan Clark ◽  
Paul James Saines ◽  
Antonio Alberola-Catalan ◽  
Jeremy Michael Rawson

A family of substituted 1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1-chlorides have been prepared by treatment of N-arylamidines in neat thionyl chloride at reflux. The S(IV) 1-chlorides are readily reduced under mild conditions to persistent...


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