Bridging with enoxaparin using a half-therapeutic dose regimen: safety and efficacy

Background: Low molecular weight heparin is widely used during the interruption of long-term oral anticoagulation in patients undergoing surgery. The optimal dose is still a matter of debate. The 8th ACCP Guidelines primarily recommend therapeutic-dose or low-dose low molecular weight heparin after stratification of the thromboembolic risk. We investigated the efficacy and safety of a standardized bridging therapy with enoxaparin in a half-therapeutic dose in patients with a target INR of 2,0 to 3,0. Patients and methods: In our prospective registry we studied 198 consecutive patients receiving oral anticoagulant therapy with phenprocuomon and a planned surgery. Phenprocoumon was stopped 7 days before surgery and after reaching an INR less than 2,0 all patients received enoxaparin in a half-therapeutic dose (1 × 1 mg / kg body weight (bw)/day) until the day before surgery. Enoxaparin was continued with the same dose split into 2 × 0,5 mg / kg bw / day after the procedure. Phenprocoumon was resumed within day 1 to 14 after surgery depending on the bleeding risk as determined by the surgeon. All patients were followed up for 28 days after surgery. Results: Major surgery was performed in 148 patients (75 %). 175 patients (88 % of the total) had an intermediate thromboembolic risk. On average, enoxaparin was administered for 19,5 days. One patient (0,5 %) experienced arterial thrombosis after surgery, and one patient (0,5 %) required a second surgical intervention due to severe bleeding. Conclusions: In patients receiving oral anticoagulant therapy with a target INR of 2,0-3,0 and at an intermediate risk of thromboembolic events who require interruption of oral anticoagulant therapy a half therapeutic dose of enoxaparin seems to be safe and effective for bridging.