The Role of Decision Biases in Semantic Priming Effects

2005 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 249-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katia Duscherer ◽  
Daniel Holender
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Priming ◽  
Semantic Relationship ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Binary Decision ◽  
Categorization Task ◽  
Semantic Categorization ◽  
Decision Bias ◽  
Decision Biases ◽  
Decision Tasks

At least a part of semantic priming effects observed in binary decision tasks is supposed to be caused by decision biases. A semantic relationship between prime and target could positively bias a “yes” response, whereas the absence of a relationship would instead favour a “no” response to the same target. We tested this assumption with a semantic categorization task in which participants were induced to associate different values - positive, negative, or neutral - to each of the categorization decisions. Although semantic priming effects were obtained even with negatively valued decisions, they were substantially enhanced with positively valued decisions, confirming the influence of a decision bias induced presumptively by a post-lexical relatedness judgement.

scholarly journals Studies on semantic priming effects in right hemisphere stroke: A systematic review

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-163
Author(s):  
Juliana de Lima Müller ◽  
Jerusa Fumagalli de Salles
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Semantic Priming ◽  
Cerebral Hemisphere ◽  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Right Cerebral Hemisphere ◽  
The Right ◽  
Right Hemisphere Stroke

ABSTRACT The role of the right cerebral hemisphere (RH) associated with semantic priming effects (SPEs) must be better understood, since the consequences of RH damage on SPE are not yet well established. Objective: The aim of this article was to investigate studies analyzing SPEs in patients affected by stroke in the RH through a systematic review, verifying whether there are deficits in SPEs, and whether performance varies depending on the type of semantic processing evaluated or stimulus in the task. Methods: A search was conducted on the LILACS, PUBMED and PSYCINFO databases. Results: Out of the initial 27 studies identified, 11 remained in the review. Difficulties in SPEs were shown in five studies. Performance does not seem to vary depending on the type of processing, but on the type of stimulus used. Conclusion: This ability should be evaluated in individuals that have suffered a stroke in the RH in order to provide treatments that will contribute to their recovery.

scholarly journals Masked Priming Effects in Semantic Categorization Are Independent of Category Size

2007 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Van den Bussche ◽  
Bert Reynvoet
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Masked Priming ◽  
Category Size ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Semantic Categorization ◽  
Set Size ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Response Congruency

Abstract. The question whether subliminal primes can activate their semantic meaning or not is still of interest today. Three different competing theories have tried to account for the often inconsistent research results: The semantic categorization hypothesis, the direct motor specification hypothesis, and the category search model. The present study aimed to shed light on these different points of view by examining the role of category size in response congruency effects when novel primes are used. Three experiments were conducted and a transparent pattern of results emerged: Significant priming effects were obtained across different tasks, irrespective of category size and irrespective of stimulus set size. The findings are discussed in terms of the three theoretical frameworks. It becomes clear that the present results provide strong evidence in favor of the semantic categorization hypothesis, which assumes semantic processing of subliminal primes.

Repetition priming effects from attended vs. ignored single words in a semantic categorization task

2003 ◽  
Vol 114 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan J Ortells ◽  
Elaine Fox ◽  
Carmen Noguera ◽  
Marı́a J.F Abad
Keyword(s):  
Repetition Priming ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Categorization Task ◽  
Semantic Categorization

scholarly journals Semantic priming in schizophrenia: A review and synthesis

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 699-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Minzenberg ◽  
Beth A. Ober ◽  
Sophia Vinogradov
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Priming ◽  
English Language ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Processing Conditions ◽  
Network Access ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Neurocognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Memory Network

AbstractIn this paper, we present a review of semantic priming experiments in schizophrenia. Semantic priming paradigms show utility in assessing the role of deficits in semantic memory network access in the pathology of schizophrenia. The studies are placed in the context of current models of information processing. In this review we include all English-language reports (from peer-reviewed journals) of single-word semantic priming studies involving participants with schizophrenia. The studies to date show schizophrenic patients to exhibit variable semantic priming effects under automatic processing conditions, and consistent impairments under controlled0attentional conditions. We also describe associations with other neurocognitive dysfunction, neurochemical and electrophysiological disturbances, and clinical manifestations (such as thought disorder).

Affective Priming of Nonaffective Semantic Categorization Responses

2007 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriaan Spruyt ◽  
Jan De Houwer ◽  
Dirk Hermans ◽  
Paul Eelen
Keyword(s):  
Priming Effect ◽  
Response Selection ◽  
Stimulus Dimension ◽  
Affective Priming ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Categorization Task ◽  
Semantic Categorization ◽  
Stimulus Features ◽  
Selection Stage ◽  
Affective Stimulus

Recent studies have shown that robust affective priming effects can be obtained when participants are required to categorize the targets on the basis of their valence, but not when participants are asked to categorize the targets on the basis of nonaffective features. On the basis of this pattern of results, it has been argued that affective priming is due to processes that operate at a response selection stage rather than to processes that operate at an encoding stage. We demonstrate (a) that affective priming of nonaffective semantic categorization responses can be obtained when participants assign attention to the affective stimulus dimension, and (b) that affective priming in the standard evaluative categorization task is strongly reduced when participants assign attention to nonaffective stimulus features. On the basis of these findings, we argue (a) that processes operating at an encoding stage do contribute to the affective priming effect, and (b) that automatic affective stimulus processing is reduced when participants selectively attend to nonaffective stimulus features.

Motives for Social Isolation Following a Negative Emotional Episode

2018 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 127-131
Author(s):  
Gérald Delelis ◽  
Véronique Christophe
Keyword(s):  
Social Isolation ◽  
Social Affiliation ◽  
Semantic Categorization ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Cognitive Regulation ◽  
Emotional Event ◽  
Regulation Strategies ◽  
Emotional Events

Abstract. After experiencing an emotional event, people either seek out others’ presence (social affiliation) or avoid others’ presence (social isolation). The determinants and effects of social affiliation are now well-known, but social psychologists have not yet thoroughly studied social isolation. This study aims to ascertain which motives and corresponding regulation strategies participants report for social isolation following negative emotional events. A group of 96 participants retrieved from memory an actual negative event that led them to temporarily socially isolate themselves and freely listed up to 10 motives for social isolation. Through semantic categorization of the 423 motives reported by the participants, we found that “cognitive clarification” and “keeping one’s distance” – that is, the need for cognitive regulation and the refusal of socioaffective regulation, respectively – were the most commonly and quickly reported motives for social isolation. We discuss the findings in terms of ideas for future studies aimed at clarifying the role of social isolation in health situations.

Combining the Post-Cue Task and the Perceptual Identification Task to Assess Parallel Activation and Mutual Facilitation of Related Primes and Targets

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Demian Scherer ◽  
Dirk Wentura
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Priming ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
The Other ◽  
Perceptual Identification ◽  
Identification Task ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Priming Paradigm ◽  
Parallel Activation ◽  
Prime Target

Abstract. Recent theories assume a mutual facilitation in case of semantic overlap for concepts being activated simultaneously. We provide evidence for this claim using a semantic priming paradigm. To test for mutual facilitation of related concepts, a perceptual identification task was employed, presenting prime-target pairs briefly and masked, with an SOA of 0 ms (i.e., prime and target were presented concurrently, one above the other). Participants were instructed to identify the target. In Experiment 1, a cue defining the target was presented at stimulus onset, whereas in Experiment 2 the cue was not presented before the offset of stimuli. Accordingly, in Experiment 2, a post-cue task was merged with the perceptual identification task. We obtained significant semantic priming effects in both experiments. This result is compatible with the view that two concepts can both be activated in parallel and can mutually facilitate each other if they are related.

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