Die Entwicklung des strategischen Gedächtnisses im Laufe der Grundschulzeit

2009 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Hünnerkopf ◽  
Veronika Kron-Sperl ◽  
Wolfgang Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Free Recall ◽  
Serial Learning

Zusammenfassung. Es werden Ergebnisse der Würzburger Längsschnittstudie dargestellt, in der der Entwicklungsverlauf des strategischen Gedächtnisses vom letzten Kindergartenjahr bis zum Ende der vierten Klasse in halbjährigem Abstand untersucht wurde. Für eine Stichprobe von ca. 100 Kindern konnte das in der Münchner LOGIK-Studie gefundene Muster des sprunghaften Strategieerwerbs für die Sortierstrategie bestätigt werden, während sich bei der Wiederholungsstrategie kein bedeutsamer Unterschied in der Art des Strategieerwerbs zeigte. Der kombinierte Gebrauch von Sortier- und Wiederholungsstrategie brachte Vorteile bei der Abrufleistung der Sort-Recall-Aufgabe, nicht aber der Serial Learning-Free-Recall-Aufgabe. Für zukünftige Forschungsarbeiten wird der Einsatz einer Aufgabe zur Untersuchung der Strategieentwicklung empfohlen.

Whole-part transfer from free recall to serial learning.

1969 ◽  
Vol 79 (3, Pt.1) ◽  
pp. 540-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon Wood
Keyword(s):  
Free Recall ◽  
Serial Learning

Response Anticipation Processes in the Learning of a Sensorimotor Sequence

2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jascha Rüsseler ◽  
Erwin Hennighausen ◽  
Frank Rösler
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Free Recall ◽  
Serial Learning ◽  
Incorrect Response ◽  
Response Sequence ◽  
Readiness Potential ◽  
Perceptual Process ◽  
Brain Potentials ◽  
Motor Processes ◽  
Implicit And Explicit

Abstract We investigated the contribution of motor processes to implicit and explicit serial learning by means of event-related brain potentials. An otherwise predictable sequence of S-R pairs was occasionally interrupted by stimuli that violated either the stimulus or the response sequence (perceptual or motor deviants). After performing the task, participants were asked to recall as much of the sequence as possible. On the basis of these free recall results, two groups of subjects (explicit and implicit learners) were formed. Reaction time was prolonged for motor deviants but not for perceptual deviants, which violated the predictable sequence of stimulus locations. Early activation in the lateralized readiness potential (LRP) for standard stimuli and an activation of the expected but incorrect response for deviants violating the response sequence indicate the contribution of motor processes to serial learning. ERPs did not show any learning-related changes. Furthermore, in all dependent measures no differences between explicit and implicit learners were observed. The results are at variance with previous claims that serial learning is a purely perceptual process.

Task Appropriateness of Mnemonic Techniques

1987 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas J. Herrmann
Keyword(s):  
Free Recall ◽  
Serial Learning ◽  
Paired Associate ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Paired Associate Learning ◽  
Associate Learning ◽  
Memory Processing ◽  
Free Recall Learning ◽  
Method Of Loci ◽  
Mnemonic Techniques

The present article reviewed research in which two or more mnemonic techniques in the paradigms of either free recall, paired-associate, or serial learning have been compared. The review showed that the most effective mnemonic differed across the three paradigms: imagery mediation for paired-associate learning, the story mnemonic for free recall learning, and the method of loci for serial learning. Each mnemonic varies in its suitability for different paradigms, and each paradigm is facilitated more by the use of certain mnemonics than by others. These conclusions support the view that memory processing differs across memory tasks. They also indicate that differences in memory performance across tasks are due not only to differences in basic processes (such as recognition and perception) elicited by tasks but also to the task appropriateness of control processes applied to a task.

An Adjacency Effect in Free Recall

1965 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 315-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur R. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Free Recall ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Serial Learning ◽  
Serial Position Effect ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Position Effect ◽  
Previous Trial ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
High Level ◽  
Different Order

An adjacency effect was demonstrated at a high level of significance in the free recall, by 123 subjects, of a list of 40 high-frequency nouns presented in varying order on successive trials. The phenomenon referred to as the adjacency effect consists of the fact that when a subject is given repeated trials of study and free recall of a list of words (always presented in a different order), the probability of recalling a given item is greater when the item is presented temporally adjacent to an item which is already learned (as evidenced by recall on the previous trial) than when the item stands temporally between other items which are not yet learned. The enhancement of recall is greater when the item is presented between two previously learned items. The implications of the adjacency effect for verbal learning theory, particularly for the serial-position effect in serial learning and the concepts of interference and neural consolidation, are discussed.

Familiarization, Serial Learning, and Free Recall

1973 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clyde E. Noble ◽  
Helen R. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Free Recall ◽  
Serial Learning

scholarly journals Analisis Tahapan dalam Belajar Verbal (Verbal Learning)

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Hasan Basri ◽  
Neviyarni Neviyarni
Keyword(s):  
Free Recall ◽  
Serial Learning ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Stimulus Selection ◽  
Stimulus Coding

Artikel ini membahas tentang analisis tahapan dalam belajar verbal menggunakan rujukan dari kajian literatur yang relevan, dalam konsepnya belajar verbal ( Verbal Learning) merupakan kegiatan pembelajaran yang mendorong siswa untuk memberikan respon terhadap materi verbal seperti sebuah kata dan tanggapan- tanggapan yang bersifat verbal, ruang lingkup belajar verbal terdiri dari materi dan prosedur yang terurai dalam konteks- konteks pengembangan yaitu, Serial Learning, Paired Assosiated Learning, Free Recall,dan Recognation Learning. adapun tahap- tahap dalam belajar verbal yaitu, Respon and Stimulus Learning, stimulus and Descrimination, stimulus selection, dan stimulus Coding.

Limitations to the Spacing Effect

2005 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 257-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter P. J. L. Verkoeijen ◽  
Remy M. J. P. Rikers ◽  
Henk G. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Free Recall ◽  
Phase Retrieval ◽  
Incidental Learning ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Recall Performance ◽  
Spacing Effect ◽  
Word List ◽  
Intentional Learning ◽  
Study Phase ◽  
Learning Condition

Abstract. The spacing effect refers to the finding that memory for repeated items improves when the interrepetition interval increases. To explain the spacing effect in free-recall tasks, a two-factor model has been put forward that combines mechanisms of contextual variability and study-phase retrieval (e.g., Raaijmakers, 2003 ; Verkoeijen, Rikers, & Schmidt, 2004 ). An important, yet untested, implication of this model is that free recall of repetitions should follow an inverted u-shaped relationship with interrepetition spacing. To demonstrate the suggested relationship an experiment was conducted. Participants studied a word list, consisting of items repeated at different interrepetition intervals, either under incidental or under intentional learning instructions. Subsequently, participants received a free-recall test. The results revealed an inverted u-shaped relationship between free recall and interrepetition spacing in both the incidental-learning condition and the intentional-learning condition. Moreover, for intentionally learned repetitions, the maximum free-recall performance was located at a longer interrepetition interval than for incidentally learned repetitions. These findings are interpreted in terms of the two-factor model of spacing effects in free-recall tasks.

Articulatory Rehearsal Is More Than Refreshing Memory Traces

2013 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryoji Nishiyama ◽  
Jun Ukita
Keyword(s):  
Free Recall ◽  
Recall Performance ◽  
Verbal Working Memory ◽  
Verbal Information ◽  
Free Recall Task ◽  
Study Item ◽  
Phonological Representations ◽  
Memory Traces ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Serial Position Curves

This study examined whether additional articulatory rehearsal induced temporary durability of phonological representations, using a 10-s delayed nonword free recall task. Three experiments demonstrated that cumulative rehearsal between the offset of the last study item and the start of the filled delay (Experiments 1 and 3) and a fixed rehearsal of the immediate item during the subsequent interstimulus interval (Experiments 2 and 3) improved free recall performance. These results suggest that an additional rehearsal helps to stabilize phonological representations for a short period. Furthermore, the analyses of serial position curves suggested that the frequency of the articulation affected the durability of the phonological representation. The significance of these findings as clues of the mechanism maintaining verbal information (i.e., verbal working memory) is discussed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document