Aerosol distributions and radiative forcing over the Asian Pacific region simulated by Spectral Radiation-Transport Model for Aerosol Species (SPRINTARS)

Abstract. Aerosol vertical information is critical to quantify the influences of aerosol on the climate and environment; however, large uncertainties still persist in model simulations. In this study, the vertical aerosol extinction coefficients from the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) onboard the Cloud–Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) are assimilated to optimize the hourly aerosol fields of the Non-hydrostatic ICosahedral Atmospheric Model (NICAM) online coupled with the Spectral Radiation Transport Model for Aerosol Species (SPRINTARS) using a four-dimensional local ensemble transform Kalman filter (4-D LETKF). A parallel assimilation experiment using bias-corrected aerosol optical thicknesses (AOTs) from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is conducted to investigate the effects of assimilating the observations (and whether to include vertical information) on the model performances. Additionally, an experiment simultaneously assimilating both CALIOP and MODIS observations is conducted. The assimilation experiments are successfully performed for 1 month, making it possible to evaluate the results in a statistical sense. The hourly analyses are validated via both the CALIOP-observed aerosol vertical extinction coefficients and the AOT observations from MODIS and the AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET). Our results reveal that both the CALIOP and MODIS assimilations can improve the model simulations. The CALIOP assimilation is superior to the MODIS assimilation in modifying the incorrect aerosol vertical distributions and reproducing the real magnitudes and variations, and the joint CALIOP and MODIS assimilation can further improve the simulated aerosol vertical distribution. However, the MODIS assimilation can better reproduce the AOT distributions than the CALIOP assimilation, and the inclusion of the CALIOP observations has an insignificant impact on the AOT analysis. This is probably due to the nadir-viewing CALIOP having much sparser coverage than MODIS. The assimilation efficiencies of CALIOP decrease with increasing distances of the overpass time, indicating that more aerosol vertical observation platforms are required to fill the sensor-specific observation gaps and hence improve the aerosol vertical data assimilation.

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Aerosol Effective Radiative Forcing in the Online Aerosol Coupled CAS-FGOALS-f3-L Climate Model

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos11101115 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 1115

Author(s):

Hao Wang ◽

Tie Dai ◽

Min Zhao ◽

Daisuke Goto ◽

Qing Bao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Radiative Forcing ◽

Climate Model ◽

Transport Model ◽

Radiation Transport ◽

Coupled Model ◽

Global Ocean ◽

Spectral Radiation ◽

Anthropogenic Aerosol ◽

Aerosol Cloud ◽

Effective Radiative Forcing

The effective radiative forcing (ERF) of anthropogenic aerosol can be more representative of the eventual climate response than other radiative forcing. We incorporate aerosol–cloud interaction into the Chinese Academy of Sciences Flexible Global Ocean–Atmosphere–Land System (CAS-FGOALS-f3-L) by coupling an existing aerosol module named the Spectral Radiation Transport Model for Aerosol Species (SPRINTARS) and quantified the ERF and its primary components (i.e., effective radiative forcing of aerosol-radiation interactions (ERFari) and aerosol-cloud interactions (ERFaci)) based on the protocol of current Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6). The spatial distribution of the shortwave ERFari and ERFaci in CAS-FGOALS-f3-L are comparable with that of most available CMIP6 models. The global mean 2014–1850 shortwave ERFari in CAS-FGOALS-f3-L (−0.27 W m−2) is close to the multi-model means in 4 available models (−0.29 W m−2), whereas the assessing shortwave ERFaci (−1.04 W m−2) and shortwave ERF (−1.36 W m−2) are slightly stronger than the multi-model means, illustrating that the CAS-FGOALS-f3-L can reproduce the aerosol radiation effect reasonably well. However, significant diversity exists in the ERF, especially in the dominated component ERFaci, implying that the uncertainty is still large.

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Regional air pollution and its radiative forcing: Studies with a single-column chemical and radiation transport model

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres ◽

10.1029/2001jd001182 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 106 (D22) ◽

pp. 28751-28770 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

R. J. Park ◽

G. L. Stenchikov ◽

K. E. Pickering ◽

R. R. Dickerson ◽

D. J. Allen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Radiative Forcing ◽

Transport Model ◽

Radiation Transport ◽

Single Column ◽

Radiation Transport Model ◽

Regional Air Pollution

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Investigating the assimilation of CALIPSO global aerosol vertical observations using Four-Dimensional Ensemble Kalman Filter

10.5194/acp-2019-497 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Yueming Cheng ◽

Tie Dai ◽

Daisuke Goto ◽

Nick A. J. Schutgens ◽

Guangyu Shi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Kalman Filter ◽

Transport Model ◽

Radiation Transport ◽

Satellite Observation ◽

Atmospheric Model ◽

Orthogonal Polarization ◽

Spectral Radiation ◽

Extinction Coefficients ◽

Model Simulations ◽

Radiation Transport Model

Abstract. The aerosol vertical information is critical to quantify the influences of the aerosol on the climate and environment, however large uncertainties still persist in model simulations. In this study, the vertical aerosol extinction coefficients from Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) onboard Cloud–Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) are assimilated to optimize the hourly aerosol fields of the Non‐hydrostatic ICosahedral Atmospheric Model (NICAM) online coupled with the Spectral Radiation Transport Model for Aerosol Species (SPRINTARS) using the four-dimensional Local Ensemble Transform Kalman Filter (4D-LETKF). Additionally, a parallel assimilation experiment using the bias-corrected Aerosol Optical Thicknesses (AOTs) from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is conducted to investigate the effects of assimilating the observations whether including the vertical information on the model performances. The assimilation experiments are successfully performed for a one-month long, making it possible to evaluate the results in a statistical sense. The hourly analyses are validated via both the CALIOP observed aerosol vertical extinction coefficients and the AOT observations from the MODIS and AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET). Our results reveal both the CALIOP and MODIS assimilations can improve the model simulations. The CALIOP assimilation is superior to the MODIS assimilation in modifying the incorrect aerosol vertical distributions and reproducing the real magnitudes and variations. However, the MODIS assimilation can better reproduce the AOT distributions than the CALIOP assimilation. This is probably due to the nadir-viewing CALIOP has much sparser coverages than the MODIS. The assimilation efficiencies of CALIOP decrease with the increasing distances of the overpass time, indicating that more aerosol vertical observation platforms are required to fill the sensor-specific observation gaps and hence improve the aerosol vertical data assimilation.

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Liver transplantation and the Asian-Pacific region

Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology ◽

10.1111/j.1440-1746.1989.tb01745.x ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 4 (5) ◽

pp. 479-481

Author(s):

LAWRIE W. POWELL

Keyword(s):

Liver Transplantation ◽

Pacific Region ◽

Asian Pacific Region ◽

Asian Pacific

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Adalat in the Asian Pacific region

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy ◽

10.1016/0753-3322(90)90165-6 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 44 (5) ◽

pp. 293

Keyword(s):

Pacific Region ◽

Asian Pacific Region ◽

Asian Pacific

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Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia in Japan and the Asian Pacific Region

International Psychogeriatrics ◽

10.1017/s1041610200007389 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 12 (S1) ◽

pp. 419-422 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Akira Homma ◽

Jong Inn Woo ◽

Helen F. K. Chiu ◽

Kua E. Hoek

Keyword(s):

Psychological Symptoms ◽

Rural Setting ◽

Assessment Instruments ◽

Pacific Region ◽

Asian Countries ◽

Asian Pacific Region ◽

Assessment And Treatment ◽

Empiric Data ◽

Asian Pacific ◽

Behavioral And Psychological Symptoms

The recognition of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) varies in Asian countries. In India, for example, symptoms such as repetition, forgetfulness, anxiety, and agitation are simply ignored in the rural setting and are of no concern to family members; other symptoms, such as wandering, are easily tolerated. This cultural acceptance of certain BPSD, combined with the difficulty in locating a physician skilled in the diagnosis and treatment of these symptoms, limits their assessment and treatment in India (International Psychogeriatric Association, 1998). Fortunately, in a few Asian countries, empiric data on the frequency of BPSD have been obtained using formal assessment instruments.

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