scholarly journals GCM simulations of the Indian Ocean dipole influence on East African rainfall: Present and future

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Conway ◽  
C. E. Hanson ◽  
R. Doherty ◽  
A. Persechino
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Indian Ocean Dipole ◽  
East African ◽  
African Rainfall ◽  
The Indian Ocean

The relationship between Indian Ocean sea–surface temperature and East African rainfall

2005 ◽  
Vol 363 (1826) ◽  
pp. 43-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Black
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
East African ◽  
African Rainfall ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
The Relationship

Knowledge of the processes that control East African rainfall is essential for the development of seasonal forecasting systems, which may mitigate the effects of flood and drought. This study uses observational data to unravel the relationship between the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and rainy autumns in East Africa. Analysis of sea–surface temperature data shows that strong East African rainfall is associated with warming in the Pacific and Western Indian Oceans and cooling in the Eastern Indian Ocean. The resemblance of this pattern to that which develops during IOD events implies a link between the IOD and strong East African rainfall. Further investigation suggests that the observed teleconnection between East African rainfall and ENSO is a manifestation of a link between ENSO and the IOD.

Mid-Brunhes strengthening of the Indian Ocean Dipole caused increased equatorial East African and decreased Australasian rainfall

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
Anil K. Gupta ◽  
Sudipta Sarkar ◽  
Soma De ◽  
Steven C. Clemens ◽  
Angamuthu Velu
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Indian Ocean Dipole ◽  
East African ◽  
The Indian Ocean

scholarly journals Paramount Impact of the Indian Ocean Dipole on the East African Short Rains: A CGCM Study

2005 ◽  
Vol 18 (21) ◽  
pp. 4514-4530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swadhin K. Behera ◽  
Jing-Jia Luo ◽  
Sebastien Masson ◽  
Pascale Delecluse ◽  
Silvio Gualdi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Indian Ocean Dipole ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Circulation Model ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Driving Mechanism ◽  
East African ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Short Rains

Abstract The variability in the East African short rains is investigated using 41-yr data from the observation and 200-yr data from a coupled general circulation model known as the Scale Interaction Experiment-Frontier Research Center for Global Change, version 1 (SINTEX-F1). The model-simulated data provide a scope to understand the climate variability in the region with a better statistical confidence. Most of the variability in the model short rains is linked to the basinwide large-scale coupled mode, that is, the Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) in the tropical Indian Ocean. The analysis of observed data and model results reveals that the influence of the IOD on short rains is overwhelming as compared to that of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO); the correlation between ENSO and short rains is insignificant when the IOD influence is excluded. The IOD–short rains relationship does not change significantly in a model experiment in which the ENSO influence is removed by decoupling the ocean and atmosphere in the tropical Pacific. The partial correlation analysis of the model data demonstrates that a secondary influence comes from a regional mode located near the African coast. Inconsistent with the observational findings, the model results show a steady evolution of IOD prior to extreme events of short rains. Dynamically consistent evolution of correlations is found in anomalies of the surface winds, currents, sea surface height, and sea surface temperature. Anomalous changes of the Walker circulation provide a necessary driving mechanism for anomalous moisture transport and convection over the coastal East Africa. The model results nicely augment the observational findings and provide us with a physical basis to consider IOD as a predictor for variations of the short rains. This is demonstrated in detail using the statistical analysis method. The prediction skill of the dipole mode SST index in July and August is 92% for the observation, which scales slightly higher for the model index (96%) in August. As observed in data, the model results show decadal weakening in the relationship between IOD and short rains owing to weakening in the IOD activity.

scholarly journals Analysis of Drought-Sensitive Areas and Evolution Patterns through Statistical Simulations of the Indian Ocean Dipole Mode

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing-Gang Gao ◽  
Vonevilay Sombutmounvong ◽  
Lihua Xiong ◽  
Joo-Heon Lee ◽  
Jong-Suk Kim
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Indian Ocean Dipole ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Eastern Coast ◽  
Indochina Peninsula ◽  
Indian Ocean Dipole Mode ◽  
Sensitive Areas ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Long Term Trend

In this study, we investigated extreme droughts in the Indochina peninsula and their relationship with the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) mode. Areas most vulnerable to drought were analyzed via statistical simulations of the IOD based on historical observations. Results of the long-term trend analysis indicate that areas with increasing spring (March–May) rainfall are mainly distributed along the eastern coast (Vietnam) and the northwestern portions of the Indochina Peninsula (ICP), while Central and Northern Laos and Northern Cambodia have witnessed a reduction in spring rainfall over the past few decades. This trend is similar to that of extreme drought. During positive IOD years, the frequency of extreme droughts was reduced throughout Vietnam and in the southwestern parts of China, while increased drought was observed in Cambodia, Central Laos, and along the coastline adjacent to the Myanmar Sea. Results for negative IOD years were similar to changes observed for positive IOD years; however, the eastern and northern parts of the ICP experienced reduced droughts. In addition, the results of the statistical simulations proposed in this study successfully simulate drought-sensitive areas and evolution patterns of various IOD changes. The results of this study can help improve diagnostic techniques for extreme droughts in the ICP.

Influence of the Indian Ocean Dipole on tree-ring δ18O of monsoonal Southeast Tibet

2016 ◽  
Vol 137 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 217-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Hochreuther ◽  
Jakob Wernicke ◽  
Jussi Grießinger ◽  
Thomas Mölg ◽  
Haifeng Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Indian Ocean Dipole ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Southeast Tibet

scholarly journals Two Independent Triggers for the Indian Ocean Dipole/Zonal Mode in a Coupled GCM

2005 ◽  
Vol 18 (17) ◽  
pp. 3428-3449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert S. Fischer ◽  
Pascal Terray ◽  
Eric Guilyardi ◽  
Silvio Gualdi ◽  
Pascale Delecluse
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
El Niño ◽  
Indian Ocean Dipole ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Tropical Indian Ocean ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Dynamical Response ◽  
Thermocline Depth ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
The Indian Ocean

Abstract The question of whether and how tropical Indian Ocean dipole or zonal mode (IOZM) interannual variability is independent of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) variability in the Pacific is addressed in a comparison of twin 200-yr runs of a coupled climate model. The first is a reference simulation, and the second has ENSO-scale variability suppressed with a constraint on the tropical Pacific wind stress. The IOZM can exist in the model without ENSO, and the composite evolution of the main anomalies in the Indian Ocean in the two simulations is virtually identical. Its growth depends on a positive feedback between anomalous equatorial easterly winds, upwelling equatorial and coastal Kelvin waves reducing the thermocline depth and sea surface temperature off the coast of Sumatra, and the atmospheric dynamical response to the subsequently reduced convection. Two IOZM triggers in the boreal spring are found. The first is an anomalous Hadley circulation over the eastern tropical Indian Ocean and Maritime Continent, with an early northward penetration of the Southern Hemisphere southeasterly trades. This situation grows out of cooler sea surface temperatures in the southeastern tropical Indian Ocean left behind by a reinforcement of the late austral summer winds. The second trigger is a consequence of a zonal shift in the center of convection associated with a developing El Niño, a Walker cell anomaly. The first trigger is the only one present in the constrained simulation and is similar to the evolution of anomalies in 1994, when the IOZM occurred in the absence of a Pacific El Niño state. The presence of these two triggers—the first independent of ENSO and the second phase locking the IOZM to El Niño—allows an understanding of both the existence of IOZM events when Pacific conditions are neutral and the significant correlation between the IOZM and El Niño.

scholarly journals Contrasting Impacts of the Indian Ocean Dipole and ENSO on the Tropospheric Biennial Oscillation

SOLA ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 13-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toru Tamura ◽  
Toshio Koike ◽  
Akio Yamamoto ◽  
Masaki Yasukawa ◽  
Masaru Kitsuregawa
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Indian Ocean Dipole ◽  
Tropospheric Biennial Oscillation ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Biennial Oscillation

scholarly journals Modulation of the Ganges‐Brahmaputra River Plume by the Indian Ocean Dipole and Eddies Inferred From Satellite Observations

2017 ◽  
Vol 122 (12) ◽  
pp. 9591-9604 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Fournier ◽  
J. Vialard ◽  
M. Lengaigne ◽  
T. Lee ◽  
M. M. Gierach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Indian Ocean Dipole ◽  
River Plume ◽  
Satellite Observations ◽  
Brahmaputra River ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
The Ganges
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document