scholarly journals The Unpredictability of Floods, Erosion, and Channel Migration

Eos ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Sidder
Keyword(s):  
Channel Formation ◽  
Channel Migration ◽  
Stream Channel ◽  
Standard Models ◽  
Better Than

A new algorithm incorporates randomness into stream channel formation and suggests the approach represents regions with variable flood magnitudes better than standard models.

scholarly journals People adaptively use information to improve their internal and external states

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Cogliati Dezza ◽  
Christina Maher ◽  
Tali Sharot
Keyword(s):  
Information Seeking ◽  
Adaptive Strategy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Subjective Expectations ◽  
Total N ◽  
Internal States ◽  
Affect And Cognition ◽  
Standard Models ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Better Than

Information can strongly impact peoples’ affect, their level of uncertainty and their decisions. It is assumed that people seek information with the goal of improving all three. But are they successful at achieving this goal? Answering this question is important for assessing the impact of self-driven information consumption on people’s well-being. Here, over four experiments (total N = 518) we show that participants accurately predict the impact of information on their internal states (e.g., affect and cognition) and external outcomes (e.g., material rewards), and use these predictions to guide information-seeking choices. A model incorporating participants’ subjective expectations regarding the impact of information on their affective, cognitive, and material outcomes accounted for information-seeking choices better than standard models currently used in the literature, which include objective proxies of those subjective measures. This model also accounted for individual differences in information-seeking choices. By balancing considerations of the impact of information on affective, cognitive and material outcomes when seeking knowledge, participants became happier, more certain and earned more points when they purchased information relative to when they did not, suggesting they adopted an adaptive strategy.

scholarly journals Riparian plant biodiversity reduces stream channel migration rates in three rivers in Michigan, U.S.A.

Ecohydrology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. e1972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel C. Allen ◽  
Theresa M. Wynn-Thompson ◽  
Darin A. Kopp ◽  
Bradley J. Cardinale
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biodiversity ◽  
Channel Migration ◽  
Stream Channel ◽  
Migration Rates ◽  
Three Rivers ◽  
Riparian Plant

scholarly journals Benchmarking Reverse-Complement Strategies for Deep Learning Models in Genomics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Zhou ◽  
Avanti Shrikumar ◽  
Anshul Kundaje
Keyword(s):  
Data Augmentation ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Network Architectures ◽  
Reverse Complement ◽  
Standard Models ◽  
Molecular Signals ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Regulatory Dna ◽  
Signal Profile ◽  
Better Than

AbstractPredictive models that map double-stranded regulatory DNA to molecular signals of regulatory activity should, in principle, produce identical predictions regardless of whether the sequence of the forward strand or its reverse complement (RC) is supplied as input. Unfortunately, standard convolutional neural network architectures can produce highly divergent predictions across strands, even when the training set is augmented with RC sequences. Two strategies have emerged in the literature to enforce this symmetry: conjoined a.k.a. “siamese” architectures where the model is run in parallel on both strands & predictions are combined, and RC parameter sharing or RCPS where weight sharing ensures that the response of the model is equivariant across strands. However, systematic benchmarks are lacking, and neither architecture has been adapted to base-resolution signal profile prediction tasks. In this work, we extend conjoined and RCPS models to signal profile prediction, and introduce a strong baseline: a standard model (trained on RC augmented data) that is converted to a conjoined model only after it has been trained, which we call a “post-hoc” conjoined model. We then conduct benchmarks on both binary and signal profile prediction. We find post-hoc conjoined models consistently perform as well as or better than models that were conjoined during training, and present a mathematical intuition for why. We also find that - despite its theoretical appeal - RCPS performs surprisingly poorly on certain tasks, in particular, signal profile prediction. In fact, RCPS can sometimes do worse than even standard models trained with RC data augmentation. We prove that the RCPS models can represent the solution learned by the conjoined models, implying that the poor performance of RCPS may be due to optimization difficulties. We therefore suggest that users interested in RC symmetry should default to post-hoc conjoined models as a reliable baseline before exploring RCPS. Code: https://github.com/hannahgz/BenchmarkRCStrategies

Evaluation of Selected Reaeration Models for Water Quality Management

2020 ◽  
pp. 214-241
Author(s):  
Lukman Salihu ◽  
Adekunbi E. Adedayo ◽  
Babajide Jelili Olalekan ◽  
Asani M. Afolabi ◽  
Idi Dansuleiman Mohammed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Management ◽  
Akaike Information Criterion ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Information Criterion ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Standard Models ◽  
Better Than

In this chapter, a new proposed model was compared with selected standard models and evaluated statistically (model of selection criterion [MSC] and Akaike information criterion [AIC]). Suspended concentration and calculated reaeration rate were used to predict concentration of EPs removable by the aeration and self-purification of the stream. The study revealed that MSC for the new proposed model were 0.75, - 0.44, - 0.32, - 0.45, and - 0.45 respectively. AIC for both dry and wet seasons were 11.85, 42.17, 41.37, 42.17, and 42.25 for the new proposed model, respectively. It was concluded the proposed model performed better than some of the standard models.

An Improved Frequency Agility Mechanism for SimpliciTI Protocol

2014 ◽  
Vol 543-547 ◽  
pp. 3486-3489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Qiang Wang ◽  
Jing Wu
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Channel Migration ◽  
Development Cycle ◽  
Short Development Cycle ◽  
Specific Frequency ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Better Than

The rapid growth of application for low-cost, low power sensor nodes based on WSN brings its own challenges. SimpliciTI is a simple low-power RF network protocol that with open Source, flexibility, and low-cost, short development cycle and so on. Aiming at the blindness problem of channel migration when this specific frequency is noisy, We presented PSCP-FA(periodic synchronism and channel prediction Frequency agility) which accomplish the channel agility predictable. Furthermore, we evaluated the impact of energy of efficiency compared with S-MAC and FA. Our simulation results show that PSCP-FA performs better than S-MAC and FA.

DEGENERATIVE DISC SEGMENTATION AND DIAGNOSIS TECHNOLOGY USING IMPORTANT FEATURES FROM MRI OF SPINE IN IMAGES

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (04) ◽  
pp. 1440008
Author(s):  
Ming-Chi Wu ◽  
Yu-Liang Kuo ◽  
Chen-Wei Chen ◽  
Cheng-An Fang ◽  
Chiun-Li Chin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Threshold Value ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Common People ◽  
Automated Method ◽  
Segmentation Accuracy ◽  
Spine Diseases ◽  
Medical Reports ◽  
Standard Models ◽  
Better Than

In this paper, we focus on the medical imaging segmentation techniques which are used in the study of spine diseases. In the medical reports, it is shown that common people worry more about the spine diseases caused by the disc degeneration. Because of the complex composition of the spine, which includes the spine bones, cartilage, fat, water and soft tissue, it is hard to correctly and easily find out the position of each cartilage in the spine images. This above problem always causes over-segmentation or unability to extract the cartilages. Thus, we propose an accurate and automated method to detect the abnormal disc. We combine two standard models with the threshold value to accurately identify the cartilage. Among the processing, we also solve the noising problems of spine image through morphological methods, removing the noncartilage areas using our proposed method, and find out the average height of the cartilages. Therefore, we can easily determine whether the disc is degenerated or not. In the experimental result, the segmentation accuracy of the extracted region by the proposed approach is evaluated by two criterions. The first criterion is statistical evaluation indices of image segmentation. It is evaluated by professional physician's manual segmentation, and the results show that our proposed method is easily implemented and has high accuracy, with the highest rate reaching 99.88%. The second criterion is a comparison evaluation index evaluated by our proposed system and other existence system. From this result, we know that our proposed system is better than other existence system.

scholarly journals Lithium abundance as a boundary condition for age and mass determination of solar twin stars

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (S265) ◽  
pp. 422-423
Author(s):  
M. Castro ◽  
J.-D. do Nascimento ◽  
J. S. da Costa ◽  
J. Meléndez ◽  
M. Bazot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Model ◽  
Lithium Abundance ◽  
History Of ◽  
Standard Models ◽  
Stellar Masses ◽  
Mass Dependent ◽  
Best Fit ◽  
Li Content ◽  
Better Than

AbstractWe explore the non-standard mixing history of five solar twins to determine as precisely as possible their mass and age. For this, we computed a grid of evolutionary models with non-standard mixing at given metallicities with the Toulouse-Geneva code for a range of stellar masses. We choose the evolutionary model that best fit the low lithium abundances observed in the solar twins. Our best model for each solar twin provides a mass and age solution constrained by their Li content and Teff determination. Li depletion due to the additional mixing in solar-twins is strongly mass dependent. An accurate lithium abundance measurement connected with non-standard models provides a more precise information about the age and mass better than that determined only by classical methods.

scholarly journals Connecting gravity field, moment of inertia, and core properties in Jupiter through empirical structure models

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benno A. Neuenschwander ◽  
Ravit Helled ◽  
Naor Movshovitz ◽  
Jonathan J. Fortney
Keyword(s):  
Equations Of State ◽  
Moment Of Inertia ◽  
Independent Measurement ◽  
Core Mass ◽  
Density Profiles ◽  
Formation And Evolution ◽  
Standard Models ◽  
Fuzzy Core ◽  
Similar Density ◽  
Better Than

<p>Constraining Jupiter's internal structure is crucial for understanding its formation and evolution history. Recent interior models of Jupiter that fit Juno's measured gravitational field suggest an inhomogeneous interior and potentially the existence of a diluted core. These models, however, strongly depend on the model assumptions and the equations of state used. A complementary modelling approach is to use empirical structure models. <br>These can later be used to reveal new insights on the planetary interior and be compared to standard models. <br>Here we present empirical structure models of Jupiter where the density profile is constructed by piecewise-polytropic equations. With these models we investigate the relation between the normalized moment of inertia (MoI) and the gravitational moments J<sub>2</sub> and J<sub>4</sub>. <br>Given that only the first few gravitational moments of Jupiter are measured with high precision, we show that an accurate and independent measurement of the MoI value could be used to further constrain Jupiter's interior. An independent measurement of the MoI with an accuracy better than ~0.1% could constrain Jupiter's core region and density discontinuities in its envelope. <br>We find that models with a density discontinuity at ~1 Mbar, as would produce a presumed hydrogen-helium separation, correspond to a fuzzy core in Jupiter. <br>We next test the appropriateness of using polytropes, by comparing them with empirical models based on polynomials. <br>We conclude that both representations result in similar density profiles and ranges of values for quantities like core mass and MoI.</p>

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