Plastid development in germinating wheat (Triticum aestivum) is enhanced by gibberellic acid and delayed by gabaculine

1995 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 336-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suhaila Younis ◽  
Margareta Ryberg ◽  
Christer Sundqvist
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Plastid Development

Plastid development in germinating wheat (Triticum aestivum) is enhanced by gibberellic acid and delayed by gabaculine

1995 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 336-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suhaila Younis ◽  
Margareta Ryberg ◽  
Christer Sundqvist
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Plastid Development

scholarly journals Seasonal variation of the effect of extremely diluted agitated gibberellic acid (10-30) on wheat stalk growth - a multi researcher study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (36) ◽  
pp. 263-264
Author(s):  
Peter Christian Endler ◽  
Christian Reich ◽  
Wolfgang Matzer ◽  
Thomas Reischl ◽  
Anna Maria Hartmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
High Dilution ◽  
Reliable Effect ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Stalk Length ◽  
Bio Assay

Control experiments were performed at different seasons of the year as a follow-up to pilot experiments [1] where a homeopathic high dilution of gibberellic acid had influenced growth in a wheat bio assay (7 days). Grains of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum, Capo variety) were observed under the influence of extremely diluted gibberellic acid (10-30) prepared by stepwise dilution and agitation according to a protocol derived from homeopathy (“G30x”). Analogously prepared water was used for control (“W30x”). Following up on 5 pilot experiments (4 in autumn 2007, 1 in spring 2008), 10 experiments were performed (5 in autumn 2008 or 2009 and 5 in winter 2009 or 2010) with a total of 9 experiments in autumn season (5 researchers, about 9,000 grains), and 6 in winter/spring (4 researchers, about 6,000 grains). Germination rates after 7 days were slightly higher for the autumn experiments (96.1%) than for the winter/spring experiments (94.8%) (p > 0,05), with a non significant trend of more seedlings having germinated in the verum group in the autumn experiments (p > 0,05). All of the 9 autumn experiments (i.e. pilot as well as repetition experiments) showed less stalk growth in the verum group (statistically significant with p < 0.01 in 4, with p < 0.05 in 3 cases, trend in 2 cases). Mean stalk lengths (mm) were 46.97 + 20.50 for the verum group and 50.66 + 19.77 for control (mean + S.D.) at grain level (N = 4,440 per group) and + 3.87 and + 3.38 (+ S.D.) respectively at dish level (217 cohorts of 20 or 25 grains per treatment group). In other words, verum stalk length (92.72%) was 7.28% smaller than control stalk length (100%). The effect size (D means : S.D.), calculated on the basis of dishes, was high (d = 1.02). In contrast, no reliable effect was found in experiments performed in winter/spring (less stalk growth in the verum group in one case, no difference in 2 cases, and more growth in 3 cases). Overall verum stalk length (103.64%) was slightly greater than control stalk length (100%). The effect size, however, was small (d = 0.45). The new data are in line with the 2007 findings, i.e. confirm that gibberellic acid 30x does influence stalk growth.

Effect of gibberellic acid on growth, biomass, and antioxidant defense system of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under cerium oxide nanoparticle stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (27) ◽  
pp. 33809-33820
Author(s):  
Azka Iftikhar ◽  
Muhammad Rizwan ◽  
Muhammad Adrees ◽  
Shafaqat Ali ◽  
Muhammad Zia ur Rehman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Cerium Oxide ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticle

EFFECT OF A Rht GENE CONDITIONING THE SEMIDWARF CHARACTER ON WINTERHARDINESS IN WINTER WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell)

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. GILLILAND ◽  
D. B. FOWLER
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Breeding Strategy ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars

In the northern part of the North American Great Plains, the level of cultivar winter-hardiness required for winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production is extremely high. Presently, available winter wheat cultivars with adequate winterhardiness are tall and, under favourable growing conditions, crop lodging and excessive amounts of straw can present serious production problems. Consequently, cultivars with short, stiff straw and a high harvest index would be desirable for high production areas within this region. However, semidwarf cultivars with superior winterhardiness have not yet been developed. In this study, six GA-insensitive (Rht) semidwarf parents with poor to moderate winterhardiness were crossed with three GA-sensitive (rht) tall parents possessing good winterhardiness to produce 20 different single, three-way and double crosses. These crosses were evaluated to determine if the GA-insensitive character could be combined with a high level of winterhardiness in winter wheat. Gibberellic acid (GA) sensitivity analyses of F2 seedlings established that a single GA-insensitive gene was involved in each cross. F2-derived F3 and F3-derived F4 lines were assessed for GA-sensitivity and winterhardiness levels were determined from field survival at several locations in Saskatchewan, Canada. Winter survival of homozygous GA-sensitive and GA-insensitive lines were similar in both generations. Lines with winterhardiness levels similar to those of the three tall parent cultivars were recovered in all GA-response classes. The absence of a meaningful pleiotropic effect of Rht genes on winterhardiness indicates that the reason semidwarf cultivars with superior winterhardiness levels have not been developed is due to the lack of a concentrated breeding effort to combine the two characters. A breeding strategy for the production of adapted winterhardy semidwarf winter wheat cultivars is discussed. The influence of endogenous gibberellin levels on cold hardiness in winter wheat is also considered.Key words: Cold hardiness, field survival, Triticum aestivum L, semidwarf, Gibberellic acid

Screening of Basidiomycetes and Ascomycetes for Plant Growth Regulating Substances. Introduction of the Gibberellic Acid Induced de-novo Synthesis of Hydrolytic Enzymes in Embryoless Seeds of Triticum aestivum as Test System

1990 ◽  
Vol 45 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 1093-1098 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralf Hautzel ◽  
Heidrun Anke
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Test System ◽  
Active Principle ◽  
De Novo Synthesis ◽  
Plant Growth Regulating Substances

Abstract A new test system for the detection of plant growth regulating activities was successfully employed. In a screening for inhibitors of the gibberellic acid controlled synthesis of hydrolytic enzymes in embryoless wheat seeds (Triticum aestivum) 160 cultures of ascomycetes and basi­diomycetes were tested. In the extracts of two cultures inhibitory activities were detected. From fermentations of a Hypholoma-species (basidiomycetes) 3,5-dichloro-4-methoxybenzyl alcohol was isolated as the active principle. Galiellalactone and two other new phytotoxins were isolated from cultures of the ascomycete Galiella rufa. At concentrations of 50 μg/ml all four compounds inhibited the de-novo synthesis of α-amylases, proteases, and phosphatases. Further investigations on the mode of action revealed, that all four metabolites interfere with early steps of the biosynthetic path­ ways induced by gibberellic acids. In vivo, the germination of the seeds of several plants was inhibited by these compounds.

EPTC Induced Modification of Gibberellin Biosynthesis

Weed Science ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 270-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Wilkinson ◽  
D. Ashley
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Mevalonic Acid ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Gibberellin Biosynthesis ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Ga Content

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ‘Holley’) was grown for 14 days in 0.5 strength Hoagland and Arnon's complete mineral nutrient solution containing 0. 15.6, 31.25, 62.5, 125.0, or 250.0 ppbw EPTC (S-ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate). Gibberellic acid (GA) content, as measured by gas-liquid chromatography, was decreased 96.4% by 125.0 ppbw EPTC. When 0.05 μCi mevalonic acid-2-14C-(MVA-2-14C) (DBED salt) (0.15 mCi/mg MVA) was added to the nutrient solution, incorporation of MVA-2-14C into total kaurenoids was decreased 90% by 250 ppbw EPTC. Metabolism of kaurene was reduced by 250 ppbw EPTC with resultant 3-fold accumulations of kaurene.

RELATIONSHIPS AMONG TILLERING, SPIKE NUMBER AND GRAIN YIELD IN WINTER WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.) IN ONTARIO

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 583-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. BULMAN ◽  
L. A. HUNT
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Tiller Number ◽  
Spike Number

Two field experiments were conducted to examine the relationships between tillering, spike number and grain yield in three winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars. Treatments were designed to manipulate both the production and survival of tillers, and to provide a high number of spikes per unit area. One experiment involved growth regulator treatments with cycocel and gibberellic acid while the second involved various rates of nitrogen. Grain yield was linearly related to total spike number over a range of 400–1200 spikes m−2 in a combined analysis over locations and years. When only spikes with at least nine fertile spikelets were included, a greater amount of the variability in yield could be explained, and differences among cultivars were related to the number of small, unproductive spikes. When locations and years were analyzed separately, little evidence was found for a diminishing response between grain yield and total spike number. Spike number was related to maximum tiller number in 1982, when winterkill and early spring conditions were unfavorable. Thus, although good fall tillering and winter survival contribute most to producing high spike numbers and grain yield, cultivars must also have the ability both to tiller rapidly in the spring and to sustain high-yielding tillers to provide sufficient compensation following winterkill.Key words: tillering, spikes, yield, wheat, nitrogen, regulators

Thylakoid development and chlorophyll distribution in water-stressed and hormone-treated wheat leaves

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (16) ◽  
pp. 1941-1945 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Duysen ◽  
T. P. Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Protein Complex ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Complex Ii ◽  
Chlorophyll Distribution ◽  
Wheat Leaves ◽  
Pigment Protein Complex

An osmotic stress imposed by polyethylene glycol reduced the number and length of stroma thylakoids, the total thylakoid length, and chlorophyll (Chl) accumulation in pigment–protein complex II during the greening of wheat, Triticum aestivum L. cv. Chris, chloroplasts. The combination treatment of benzyladenine and gibberellic acid applied with the imposed stress increased the number of thylakoids per granum, number and length of stroma thylakoids, total thylakoid length, and accumulation of Chl in pigment–protein complex II but reduced plastid number. Abscisic acid reduced the number and length of stroma thylakoids and the total thylakoid length of developing chloroplasts.

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