Genetic divergence within the Drosophila mayaguana subcluster, a closely related triad of Caribbean species in the repleta species group

Hereditas ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 136 (3) ◽  
pp. 240-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. O'GRADY ◽  
C. M. DURANDO ◽  
W. B. HEED ◽  
M. WASSERMAN ◽  
W. ETGES ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Species Group

scholarly journals Detection of cryptic diversity in lizards (Squamata) from two Biosphere Reserves in Mesoamerica

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 613-638
Author(s):  
Riccardo Castiglia ◽  
Oscar Alberto Flores-Villela ◽  
Alexandra M. R. Bezerra ◽  
Ekaterina Gornung ◽  
Flavia Annesi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Phylogeographic Structure ◽  
Lizard Species ◽  
Dna Taxonomy ◽  
16S Gene ◽  
Taxonomic Studies ◽  
First Time ◽  
Mtdna Marker

A combined approach based on karyology and DNA taxonomy allowed us to characterize the taxonomic peculiarities in 10 Mesoamerican lizard species, belonging to six genera and five families, inhabiting two Biosphere Reserve in Chiapas, Mexico: La Sepultura Biosphere Reserve, and Montes Azules Biosphere. The karyotypes of four species, Phyllodactylus sp. 3 (P. tuberculosus species group) (2n = 38), Holcosus festivus (Lichtenstein et von Martens, 1856) (2n = 50), Anolis lemurinus Cope, 1861 (2n = 40), and A. uniformis Cope, 1885 (2n = 29–30) are described for the first time, the last one showing a particular X1X1X2X2/X1X2Y condition. In Aspidoscelis deppii (Wiegmann, 1834) (2n = 50) and Anolis capito Peters, 1863 (2n = 42), we found a different karyotype from the ones previously reported for these species. Moreover, in A. capito, the cytogenetic observation is concurrent with a considerable genetic divergence (9%) at the studied mtDNA marker (MT-ND2), which is indicative of a putative new cryptic species. The skink Scincella cherriei (Cope, 1893), showed high values of genetic divergence (5.2% at 16S gene) between the specimens from Montes Azules and those from Costa Rica and Nicaragua, comparable to the values typical of sister species in skinks. A lower level of genetic divergence, compatible with an intraspecific phylogeographic structure, has been identified in Lepidophyma flavimaculatum Duméril, 1851. These new data identify taxa that urgently require more in-depth taxonomic studies especially in these areas where habitat alteration is proceeding at an alarming rate.

Ototyphlonemertes longissima sp. nov. (Hoplonemertea: Monostilifera: Ototyphlonemertidae), a new interstitial nemertean from the South China Sea

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4527 (4) ◽  
pp. 581
Author(s):  
HAI-LONG LIU
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Species Group ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
The Other ◽  
Present Species ◽  
The South ◽  
China Sea

Ototyphlonemertes longissima sp. nov is described from the South China Sea. The present species, up to 158 mm long, is about three times longer than the longest previously reported individual known in the genus. It possesses a narrow stylet basis, a bulbous proboscis diaphragm, a long middle proboscis chamber, sculptured stylets, polygranular statocysts and excretory tubules, and thus belongs to the O. macintoshi species group. The genetic divergence (average uncorrected p-distance) between O. longissima (representing a unique network in TCS analysis) and the other species (TCS networks) of genus Ototyphlonemertes is 0.135–0.185. 

scholarly journals DNA barcoding and hypopygium shape support delimitation of sympatric Dissomphalus species (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) from the Atlantic rainforest

ZooKeys ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 959 ◽  
pp. 87-97
Author(s):  
Marina Monjardim ◽  
Celso O. Azevedo ◽  
Valeria Fagundes
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Species Group ◽  
The Third ◽  
Neotropical Species ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Species Specific

Dissomphalus is a cosmopolitan genus of Bethylidae and has 269 Neotropical species divided into 32 species-groups, mostly defined by the genital and the tergal process structures. Dissomphalus rectilineus and D. concavatus are sympatric species in the ulceratus species-group. Members of the species-group share many similarities in the morphology of the head, hypopygium, tergal process and genitalia, but may be distinguished by the structure of the hypopygium. Previous studies have found intermediate structures of the hypopygium in the sympatric areas and raised questions about the distinctiveness of these two species. We sequenced 340 bp of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase I of 29 specimens from Brazil and Paraguay, calculated the genetic divergence among specimens, and recovered the phylogenetic relationships between taxa. In addition, we compared the morphology of the hypopygium to evaluate its use as a species-specific diagnostic character using the genetic divergence values. We recovered three well-supported monophyletic groups (intraclade divergence from 1.3 to 13.4%) and three hypopygium morphologies associated with each clade, two of them associated with D. rectilineus and D. concavatus (as described in the literature); the third one is new, not associated with any known species. The divergence between the D. rectilineus and D. concavatus clades was 19%, while the third clade is divergent from each species by 19–20%. If fully described, the hypopygium shape associated with the COI sequence will represent an extremely promising approach to the diagnosis of Dissomphalus species.

On the “Plesionika martia” (A. Milne-Edwards, 1883) species group in Indian waters

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4729 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-76
Author(s):  
TIN-YAM CHAN ◽  
CHIA-YU HSU ◽  
APPUKUTTANNAIR BIJU KUMAR ◽  
SU-CHING CHANG
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Sequence Divergence ◽  
Species Group ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Andaman Sea ◽  
Sequence Comparisons ◽  
Coi Barcoding ◽  
Indian Waters ◽  
Recent Collection

Material of the “Plesionika martia” (A. Milne-Edwards, 1883) species group from India had been reported as either P. martia or P. semilaevis Bate, 1888. Recent collection, however, revealed that both P .martia and P. semilaevis occur in Indian waters. COI barcoding gene sequence comparisons of the Indian and topotypic material of the four known species of the “P. martia” group showed that the Andaman Sea specimen is most similar to the topotypic specimens of P. martia even though there is high genetic divergence between them. For P. semilaevis, large sequence divergence is found in the topotypic material from the Philippines while the Indian specimens are genetically similar to one of the topotypic specimens. The characteristics of the Indian material of both species are described and illustrated. 

Two new species of Cyrtodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from northern Laos, including new finding and expanded diagnosis of C. bansocensis

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4822 (4) ◽  
pp. 503-530
Author(s):  
NICOLE SCHNEIDER ◽  
VINH QUANG LUU ◽  
SALY SITTHIVONG ◽  
ALEXANDRE TEYNIÉ ◽  
MINH DUC LE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
New Record ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
New Finding ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data

Two new Cyrtodactylus species are described from Houaphan and Luang Prabang provinces in Laos based on morphological and molecular data. Cyrtodactylus houaphanensis sp. nov. differs from all other Cyrtodactylus in the C. wayakonei species group by at least 3.3 % genetic divergence in the COI gene and can be diagnosed in morphology as follows: SVL 75.8 mm; supralabials 9 or 10; infralabials 8 or 9; ventral scales 35; dorsal tubercles in 20 rows at midbody; precloacal pores 6 in the male; femoral pores absent; subcaudals enlarged; five irregular, brown bands between limb insertions. The new species morphologically resembles C. chauquangensis and revealed to be a sister taxon to C. puhuensis according to our genetic analyses, from which it mainly differs in the absence of enlarged femoral scales. Cyrtodactylus ngoiensis sp. nov. differs from other closely related congeners by at least 11.6 % genetic divergence in the COI gene and can be diagnosed in morphology as follows: maximum SVL 95.3 mm; supralabials 6–9; infralabials 8–11; ventral scales 38–43; dorsal tubercles in 15–21 rows at midbody; enlarged femoral scales present; precloacal pores 7 in the male, 7 pitted scales in females; femoral pores 14 in the male, absent in females; five bright yellowish transverse dorsal bands; subcaudals enlarged. The new species is shown to be a member of the C. wayakonei species group, but morphologically resembles C. dumnuii from Thailand. According to our phylogenetic analyses, it is a basal taxon to a clade comprising C. spelaeus, C. chauquangensis, C. vilaphongi, C. cucphuongensis, C. puhuensis, C. houaphanensis, C. otai and C. bobrovi. Based on a new record of C. bansocensis from central Laos, which represents the first recorded female we provide a redescription of C. bansocensis including expanded diagnosis. In addition, an updated identification key for the Cyrtodactylus known from Laos is provided. 

scholarly journals Detection of cryptic diversity in lizards (Squamata) from two Biosphere Reserves in Mesoamerica

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 613-638
Author(s):  
Riccardo Castiglia ◽  
Oscar Alberto Flores-Villela ◽  
Alexandra M. R. Bezerra ◽  
Ekaterina Gornung ◽  
Flavia Annesi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Phylogeographic Structure ◽  
Lizard Species ◽  
Dna Taxonomy ◽  
16S Gene ◽  
Taxonomic Studies ◽  
First Time ◽  
Mtdna Marker

A combined approach based on karyology and DNA taxonomy allowed us to characterize the taxonomic peculiarities in 10 Mesoamerican lizard species, belonging to six genera and five families, inhabiting two Biosphere Reserve in Chiapas, Mexico: La Sepultura Biosphere Reserve, and Montes Azules Biosphere. The karyotypes of four species, Phyllodactylus sp. 3 (P. tuberculosus species group) (2n = 38), Holcosus festivus (Lichtenstein et von Martens, 1856) (2n = 50), Anolis lemurinus Cope, 1861 (2n = 40), and A. uniformis Cope, 1885 (2n = 29–30) are described for the first time, the last one showing a particular X1X1X2X2/X1X2Y condition. In Aspidoscelis deppii (Wiegmann, 1834) (2n = 50) and Anolis capito Peters, 1863 (2n = 42), we found a different karyotype from the ones previously reported for these species. Moreover, in A. capito, the cytogenetic observation is concurrent with a considerable genetic divergence (9%) at the studied mtDNA marker (MT-ND2), which is indicative of a putative new cryptic species. The skink Scincella cherriei (Cope, 1893), showed high values of genetic divergence (5.2% at 16S gene) between the specimens from Montes Azules and those from Costa Rica and Nicaragua, comparable to the values typical of sister species in skinks. A lower level of genetic divergence, compatible with an intraspecific phylogeographic structure, has been identified in Lepidophyma flavimaculatum Duméril, 1851. These new data identify taxa that urgently require more in-depth taxonomic studies especially in these areas where habitat alteration is proceeding at an alarming rate.

GENETIC DIVERGENCE IN BABUL (ACACIA NILOTIKA)

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
SUDHANSHU SHEKHAR ◽  
V.P. DWIVEDI ◽  
N.K. SRIVASTAVA
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Acacia Nilotica ◽  
Hybridization Programme

Genetic divergence of Babul (Acacia nilotica) was assessed using Mahalanobis 0 statistics. They were grouped into eight clusters. Maximum genetic distance was recorded between III & VIII ciusters indicating greater distance between two clusters that showed maximum diversity amount the genotype and helps in hybridization programme.

New species of bristletails of the genus Lepismachilis (Archaeognatha: Machilidae) from Serbia and Montenegro

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 577-587
Author(s):  
Vladimir Kaplin
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Balkan Peninsula ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Compound Eyes ◽  
Serbia And Montenegro ◽  
Sensory Field ◽  
Fore Femur ◽  
Three New Species

Abstract The fauna of bristletails of the genus Lepismachilis Verhoeff, 1910 in Montenegro and Serbia includes only one species L. (Berlesilis) targionii (Grassi, 1887) with 2 + 2 eversible vesicles on abdominal urocoxites II–VI. Three new species of this genus are described: L. (Lepismachilis) prijepolja sp. nov., L. (Lepismachilis) limensa sp. nov. from Serbia, and L. (Lepismachilis) alexandrae sp. nov. from Montenegro. All described new species belong to the species group of the subgenus Lepismachilis s. str. with 2 + 2 eversible vesicles on abdominal urocoxites II–V. Lepismachilis prijepolja sp. nov. differs from L. y-signata Kratochvíl, 1945 and L. notata Stach, 1919 by the color, drawings and ratios of the compound eyes; ratios of sensory field on fore femur of male, number of divisions of ovipositor. Lepismachilis limensa sp. nov. differs from L. hauseri Bitsch, 1974 and L. abchasica Kaplin, 2017 by ratios of paired ocelli, sensory field on fore femur of male; ratios and chaetotaxy of maxillary and labial palps. Lepismachilis alexandrae sp. nov. differs from L. abchasica by the drawings of the compound eyes; ratios of paired ocelli, sensory field on fore femur of male; number of divisions of the parameres and gonapophyses. A list of the Machilidae occurring in Balkan Peninsula is also provided.

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