Short-term memory scanning in schizophrenic young adults.

Abstract. The Sternberg short-term memory scanning task has been used to unveil cognitive operations involved in time perception. Participants produce time intervals during the task, and the researcher explores how task performance affects interval production – where time estimation error is the dependent variable of interest. The perspective of predictive behavior regards time estimation error as a temporal prediction error (PE), an independent variable that controls cognition, behavior, and learning. Based on this perspective, we investigated whether temporal PEs affect short-term memory scanning. Participants performed temporal predictions while they maintained information in memory. Model inference revealed that PEs affected memory scanning response time independently of the memory-set size effect. We discuss the results within the context of formal and mechanistic models of short-term memory scanning and predictive coding, a Bayes-based theory of brain function. We state the hypothesis that our finding could be associated with weak frontostriatal connections and weak striatal activity.

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The mode of short-term memory encoding as indicated by event-related potentials in a memory scanning task with distractions

Clinical Neurophysiology ◽

10.1016/s1388-2457(00)00501-0 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 112 (1) ◽

pp. 186-197 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

Irit Wolach ◽

Hillel Pratt

Keyword(s):

Short Term Memory ◽

Event Related Potentials ◽

Memory Encoding ◽

Memory Scanning ◽

Short Term ◽

Term Memory ◽

Scanning Task ◽

Related Potentials

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ERP C250 shows the elderly (cognitively normal, Alzheimer’s disease) store more stimuli in short-term memory than Young Adults do

Clinical Neurophysiology ◽

10.1016/j.clinph.2016.03.006 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 127 (6) ◽

pp. 2423-2435 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Robert M. Chapman ◽

Margaret N. Gardner ◽

Mark Mapstone ◽

Rafael Klorman ◽

Anton P. Porsteinsson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Young Adults ◽

Short Term Memory ◽

The Elderly ◽

Short Term ◽

Cognitively Normal ◽

Term Memory

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Short-term memory scanning viewed as exemplar-based categorization.

Psychological Review ◽

10.1037/a0022494 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 118 (2) ◽

pp. 280-315 ◽

Cited By ~ 78

Author(s):

Robert M. Nosofsky ◽

Daniel R. Little ◽

Christopher Donkin ◽

Mario Fific

Keyword(s):

Short Term Memory ◽

Memory Scanning ◽

Short Term ◽

Term Memory

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Retrospective Attention in Short-Term Memory Has a Lasting Effect on Long-Term Memory Across Age

The Journals of Gerontology Series B ◽

10.1093/geronb/gby045 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 74 (8) ◽

pp. 1317-1325 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jonathan Strunk ◽

Lauren Morgan ◽

Sarah Reaves ◽

Paul Verhaeghen ◽

Audrey Duarte

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Young Adults ◽

Healthy Aging ◽

Short Term Memory ◽

Effective Means ◽

Long Term Memory ◽

Short Term ◽

Term Memory ◽

Short And Long Term

Abstract Objectives Declines in both short- and long-term memory are typical of healthy aging. Recent findings suggest that retrodictive attentional cues (“retro-cues”) that indicate the location of to-be-probed items in short-term memory (STM) have a lasting impact on long-term memory (LTM) performance in young adults. Whether older adults can also use retro-cues to facilitate both STM and LTM is unknown. Method Young and older adults performed a visual STM task in which spatially informative retro-cues or noninformative neutral-cues were presented during STM maintenance of real-world objects. We tested participants’ memory at both STM and LTM delays for objects that were previously cued with retrodictive or neutral-cues during STM order to measure the lasting impact of retrospective attention on LTM. Results Older adults showed reduced STM and LTM capacity compared to young adults. However, they showed similar magnitude retro-cue memory benefits as young adults at both STM and LTM delays. Discussion To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate whether retro-cues in STM facilitate the encoding of objects into LTM such that they are more likely to be subsequently retrieved by older adults. Our results support the idea that retrospective attention can be an effective means by which older adults can improve their STM and LTM performance, even in the context of reduced memory capacity.

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ERP measures of short-term memory scanning

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e526132012-111 ◽

1996 ◽

Author(s):

Edward M. Conley ◽

Arnold Starr

Keyword(s):

Short Term Memory ◽

Memory Scanning ◽

Short Term ◽

Term Memory

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The diffusion model of reaction time for recent negative probes

Experimental Psychology (Russia) ◽

10.17759/exppsy.2020130103 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 35-50

Author(s):

B.B. Velichkovsky ◽

F.R. Sultanova ◽

D.V. Tatarinov ◽

A.A. Kachina

Keyword(s):

Diffusion Model ◽

Drift Rate ◽

Short Term Memory ◽

Reaction Times ◽

Long Term Memory ◽

Memory Scanning ◽

Short Term ◽

Cognitive Representations ◽

Term Memory ◽

Scanning Task

The study investigates the problem of information displacement from short-term memory. In two experiments, reaction times for recent negative probes were analyzed in the Sternberg’s memory scanning task. The diffusion model of reaction times was used with parameters estimated with the fast-dm software. It was found (experiment 1) that recent negative probes are characterized by a reduction in the speed of information accumulation (drift rate). This suggests residual activation of irrelevant cognitive representation in memory after they have been displaced from short-term memory. It was also found (experiment 2) that negative probes semantically related to items in a preceding target set (semantic recent negative probes) are characterized by a similar decrease in the drift rate. This suggests activation spreading from irrelevant cognitive representations displaced from short-term memory along semantic connections and identifies activated long-term memory as the target of information displacement from short-term memory. Additional mechanisms of short-term memory scanning (negative priming and dynamic decision thresholds) are discussed.

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