Heterogeneity of emotional experience in schizophrenia: Trait affect profiles predict clinical presentation and functional outcome.

Abstract Background Previous research shows that trait emotion is more affected than state emotion in schizophrenia. This literature is also somewhat inconsistent, particularly in terms of specific links between affective traits and clinical symptoms. The current study examined whether subgroups of trait emotional experience predict symptom presentation and functional outcome in schizophrenia. Methods In this cross-sectional observational study, 192 outpatients diagnosed with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (SZ) and 149 matched healthy controls completed the trait version of the Positive and Negative Affect Scale and symptom and functional outcome assessments. Cluster and discriminant function analyses identified distinct profiles of trait affect, which were then compared on clinical and functional variables. Results Three SZ clusters reflected normative affect (n = 80, 42%), low trait positive affect (PA; n = 54, 28%), and high trait negative affect (NA; n = 58, 30%), compared to controls. Symptom profiles differentiated the three subgroups. Compared to the Normative Affect cluster, the Low PA cluster had more severe negative symptoms; the High NA cluster had more severe positive symptoms, disorganization, anxiety, and depression; and both the Low PA and High NA cluster had poorer overall functioning. Diagnostic and medication status also differentiated the three subgroups. The Low PA subgroup was most likely to be prescribed 1st-generation antipsychotics, while the High NA subgroup was most likely to be diagnosed with schizoaffective disorder. Discussion Distinct subgroups with unique trait affect profiles can be identified within the broader diagnosis of schizophrenia. These subgroups show meaningful clinical differences in presentation, with theoretical and clinical implications.

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Patterns of emotional experience in schizophrenia: Differences in emotional response to visual stimuli are associated with clinical presentation and functional outcome

Schizophrenia Research ◽

10.1016/j.schres.2011.01.010 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 128 (1-3) ◽

pp. 117-123 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Gregory P. Strauss ◽

Ellen S. Herbener

Keyword(s):

Functional Outcome ◽

Emotional Response ◽

Clinical Presentation ◽

Emotional Experience ◽

Visual Stimuli

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Altered Passive Eruption: Report on Management of Two Cases

Journal of Contemporary Dentistry ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10031-1130 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 173-177

Author(s):

Vishwas Madaan ◽

Vineet Vaman Kini ◽

Seema Roodmal Yadav ◽

Ashvini M Padhye

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Functional Outcome ◽

Clinical Presentation ◽

Sequential Approach

ABSTRACT Excessive gingival display while smiling is one of the significant esthetic concern for many patients. One of the etiology for this is altered passive eruption (APE). A clinician must have a thorough knowledge of the clinical presentation of this condition and methods to eliminate it in order to provide the desired esthetical and functional outcome. Periodontic plastic procedures provide the best solution to this condition not only by eliminating the excess of gingiva but also by enhancing the gingival esthetics and biological harmony. This case report highlights the clinical presentation of alter passive eruption in two patients along with sequential approach for management of such condition. How to cite this article Yadav SR, Madaan V, Kini VV, Padhye AM. Altered Passive Eruption: Report on Management of Two Cases. J Contemp Dent 2015;5(3):173-177.

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Degenerative symptomatic spinal synovial cysts: Clinical presentation and functional outcome

Journal of Clinical Neuroscience ◽

10.1016/j.jocn.2018.12.006 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 62 ◽

pp. 112-116 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Christoph Hohenberger ◽

Alexander Brawanski ◽

Odo Winfried Ullrich ◽

Julius Höhne ◽

Florian Zeman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Functional Outcome ◽

Clinical Presentation ◽

Synovial Cysts

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A study of functional outcome of laminectomy and discectomy in lumbar intervertebral disc prolapse (a comparison of retrospective and prospective analysis)

Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1703937 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 05 (04) ◽

pp. 062-065

Author(s):

Sanath Kumar Shetty ◽

Arjun Ballal ◽

Lawrence John Mathias ◽

H. Ravindranath Rai

Keyword(s):

Intervertebral Disc ◽

Functional Outcome ◽

Clinical Presentation ◽

Disc Prolapse ◽

Lumbar Intervertebral Disc ◽

Excellent Outcome ◽

Group I ◽

Group Ii

Abstract Background: Back pain is considered as one of the most unrewarding problems in clinical medicine. There have existed several etiologies for the same and most of them do not have an ideal clinical presentation. Only those syndromes associated with neurologic compression of the cauda equina or nerve roots, have reasonably well understood clinical presentation. Aims: The aim of the study was to analyse and compare the functional outcome of laminectomy and discectomy in lumbar intervertebral disc prolapse in short and long term follow up. Materials and methods: Our study included a total of 50 diagnosed cases of lumbar intervertebral disc prolapse between age group of 40-70 years. The patients were subdivided into two groups. The first group was a retrospective group and included patients who had undergone laminectomy and discectomy between January 1993 and December 2003 with an average follow up of 3.68 years. Group two (prospective group) consisted of patients between January 2004 and December 2004 who underwent laminectomy and discectomy, with a follow up of 6 months.The subjective assessment was done using the Oswestry disability index (O.D.I). the results obtained with assessment of group I and group II were tabulated compared. Statistical analysis was done using the chi square test. Results: The results were noted to be 76% excellent, 8% good and 16% with poor scores in group I. 96% with excellent, no patients with good scores and 4% with poor scores in group II as per the O.D.I. Conclusion: We conclude saying that laminectomy and discectomy had excellent outcome in terms of pain relief in terms of long term and short term follow up.

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Positive Affectivity

The Oxford Handbook of Positive Psychology, 3rd Edition ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199396511.013.17 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Kristin Naragon-Gainey ◽

David Watson

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Emotional Experience ◽

Negative Affectivity ◽

Well Being ◽

Previous Measurement ◽

Subjective Well Being ◽

Positive Affectivity ◽

Trait Affect ◽

Low Levels ◽

Order Components

Positive affectivity is a trait that reflects stable individual differences in positive emotional experience; high levels of the trait are marked by frequent feelings of cheerfulness, enthusiasm, and energy. Positive affectivity is relatively independent from negative affectivity, as these traits developed in response to different evolutionary pressures. Similar to personality traits, trait affect is structured hierarchically. Although there is not a clear consensus regarding the lower-order components of positive affectivity, we emphasize a model that includes components of joviality, self-assurance, and attentiveness. Different measures of positive affectivity are reviewed, as well as relationships to overlapping constructs such as extraversion, happiness, and subjective well-being. Positive affect is relevant to a number of important domains. For example, low levels of positive affectivity are characteristic of numerous psychological disorders (particularly depression), whereas elevated levels of the trait have been linked to mania and substance use. Current marital and job satisfaction can be predicted based on previous measurement of positive affectivity. Positive affectivity is also related to better physical health, such as increased resistance to infectious illnesses. Finally, although mean levels of positive affectivity do not appear to differ greatly across cultures, there is evidence that culture may influence cross-situational stability and perceptions of trait affect. We conclude by showing that although temperament is an important factor in determining levels of positive affectivity, individuals are still free to take action to increase their happiness in lasting ways.

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Positive Affectivity: The Disposition to Experience Positive Emotional States

The Oxford Handbook of Positive Psychology ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195187243.013.0019 ◽

2009 ◽

pp. 206-216 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

David Watson ◽

Kristin Naragon

Keyword(s):

Dopaminergic System ◽

Emotional Experience ◽

Social Activity ◽

Well Being ◽

Emotional States ◽

Subjective Well Being ◽

Positive Affectivity ◽

Trait Affect ◽

Low Levels ◽

Order Components

Positive affectivity is a trait that reflects stable individual differences in positive emotional experience; high levels of the trait are marked by frequent feelings of cheerfulness, enthusiasm, and energy. Positive affectivity is relatively independent from negative affectivity, as these traits developed in response to different evolutionary pressures. Similar to personality traits, trait affect is structured hierarchically. Although there is not a clear consensus regarding the lower-order components of positive affectivity, we emphasize a model that includes components of Joviality, Self-Assurance, and Attentiveness. Different measures of positive affectivity are reviewed, as well as relations to overlapping constructs such as extraversion, happiness, and subjective well-being. In terms of its biological bases, positive affectivity is moderately heritable and is linked to left prefrontal brain activation, likely mediated by the dopaminergic system. There are few demographic or environmental factors that are systematically related to levels of positive affectivity; for instance, the trait does not differ according to age or gender. However, frequency of social activity and identification as religious/spiritual are both positively correlated with positive affectivity. Positive affect is relevant to a number of important domains. For example, low levels of positive affectivity are characteristic of numerous psychological disorders (particularly depression). Current marital and job satisfaction can be predicted based on previous measurement of positive affectivity. Positive affectivity is also related to better physical health, such as increased resistance to infectious illnesses. Finally, although mean levels of positive affectivity do not appear to differ greatly across cultures, there is evidence that culture may influence cross-situational stability and perceptions of trait affect. We conclude by showing that although temperament is an important factor in determining levels of positive affectivity, individuals are still free to take action to increase their happiness in lasting ways.

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Clinical Features and Prognosis of Intracranial Artery Dissection

Neurosurgery ◽

10.1227/neu.0000000000000696 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 76 (6) ◽

pp. 663-671 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Tineke Sikkema ◽

Maarten Uyttenboogaart ◽

J. Marc C. van Dijk ◽

Rob J.M. Groen ◽

Jan D.M. Metzemaekers ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Functional Outcome ◽

Scale Score ◽

Clinical Features ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Clinical Presentation ◽

Posterior Circulation ◽

Intracranial Artery ◽

Poor Functional Outcome ◽

Anterior Circulation ◽

Outcome Mortality

Abstract BACKGROUND: Intracranial artery dissections (IADs) are an important cause of stroke or subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Outcome of IAD in the anterior circulation or presentation without SAH is rarely investigated and might be different. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical features and prognosis of patients with IAD, with special emphasis on the location (anterior vs posterior circulation) and clinical presentation (SAH or cerebral ischemia). METHODS: Between January 1998 and May 2012, 60 patients with IAD were included in this single-center cohort study. Clinical features, functional outcome, mortality, and prognostic factors were evaluated. Unfavorable functional outcome was defined as a modified Rankin scale score of 3 to 6. RESULTS: In 18 patients (30%), IAD was located in the anterior circulation. At a median follow-up of 6.4 months, 35.3% of patients with IAD in the anterior circulation had an unfavorable functional outcome vs 39.0% in patients with IAD in the posterior circulation (P = .79). Forty-two patients (70%) presented with SAH. Clinical presentation with SAH was not significantly associated with poor functional outcome (41.5% vs 29.4%, P = .39). Low Glasgow Coma Scale score on admission (odds ratio, 0.72, P = .003) and older age (odds ratio, 1.04, P = .04) were independent predictors of unfavorable functional outcome. Mortality rate was 13% and did not significantly differ with location or clinical presentation. CONCLUSION: Low Glasgow Coma Scale score on admission and older age were independent predictors of unfavorable functional outcome. IAD presenting with SAH was not significantly associated with poor functional outcome.

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Smoking cessation and gender in first psychotic patients after long-term follow-up

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/s0924-9338(11)71714-x ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 26 (S2) ◽

pp. 3-3

Author(s):

S. Alberich ◽

M. Martínez-Cengotitabengoa ◽

P. Vega ◽

M. Gutiérrez ◽

C. Valcárcel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Smoking Cessation ◽

Functional Outcome ◽

Negative Symptoms ◽

Emotional Experience ◽

Psychotic Episode ◽

Stop Smoking ◽

Long Term Follow Up ◽

Typical Antipsychotics

IntroductionPatients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder appear to have more difficulties with smoking cessation than the general population. Moreover, gender and unsuccessful smoking cessation are associated with depression and negative emotional experience. Less attention has been given to the association of cigarette smoking in women and the use of other substances.ObjectivesTo determine the influence of gender and substance abuse on smoking cessation in a long-term follow up after a first psychotic episode.MethodPatients were evaluated at years 1, 3, and 5 obtaining information about functional outcome, positive and negative symptoms and substance use. At 8th year, functional outcome and use of substance were recorded. Patients were classified in two groups: those who stopped smoking during follow-up, and those who did not stop.ResultsAt baseline, rates of tobacco smoking were high with no differences between genders. Difficulty with smoking cessation was associated with female (p = 0.017) and typical antipsychotics (p = 0.032). Those who used alcohol continuously were less likely to stop smoking (p = 0.050) controlling for typical antipsychotics. The interaction with gender was not significant. Continuous cannabis use was not associated with smoking cessation, but women who use cannabis continuously were less able to stop smoking than men (adjusted p = 0.036).ConclusionsWomen are less prone to quit smoking than men during long-term follow-up after the development of psychosis. Different treatments should be considered for men and women in relation to tobacco dependence in patients with psychotic disorder. Treatment for women smokers should probably be more supportive and intensive.

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