Construction and initial validation of the Gendered Racial Microaggressions Scale for Black women.

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT AUTHOR'S REQUEST.] This current study examined how Black undergraduate women experience gendered racism at a historically, predominately white university in the South. With a lack of studies on Black women's college experiences, I took a critical intersectional approach to interrogate the role of racism and patriarchy together by utilizing a Critical Race Feminism perspective. With the approach I was able to explore and examine the lived experiences of gendered racism, gendered racial microaggressions in white-maled spaces on campus, Black-maled spaces on campus, as well as white women's spaces on campus. Using a critical race feminism theoretical, conceptual and methodological framework, I interviewed 25 Black undergraduate women who attended a state-flagship university in the Mid-Southern region of the US. I also conducted ethnographic fieldwork by shadowing 5-8 different participants from June of 2015 to January 2017 on campus and off campus. The findings of this study show that Black women received gendered racial microaggressions from white men, Black men, white women students and professors on campus. Black women also receive these microaggressions in white-maled spaces and Black-maled spaces. Furthermore, Black women experience challenges that prevents their acquirement of social capital based on the way their raced and gendered bodies are read. Lastly, Black women have no spaces on campus that serve both their raced and gendered identity together and participate in emotional labor that white students and Black men students do not experience.

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Gendered Racial Microaggressions and Traumatic Stress Symptoms Among Black Women

Psychology of Women Quarterly ◽

10.1177/0361684319828288 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 43 (2) ◽

pp. 201-214 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Anahvia Taiyib Moody ◽

Jioni A. Lewis

Keyword(s):

Black Women ◽

Racial Socialization ◽

Traumatic Stress ◽

Online Survey ◽

Racial Microaggressions ◽

The United States ◽

Future Research ◽

Gendered Racism ◽

Stress Symptoms ◽

Survey Results

We investigated the relations between gendered racial microaggressions (i.e., subtle gendered racism), gendered racial socialization, and traumatic stress symptoms among Black women. We hypothesized that gendered racial microaggressions would be significantly associated with traumatic stress symptoms and that gendered racial socialization would moderate the relations between gendered racial microaggressions and traumatic stress symptoms. Participants were 226 Black women from across the United States who completed an online survey. Results from a hierarchical multiple regression analysis indicated that a greater frequency of gendered racial microaggressions was significantly associated with greater traumatic stress symptoms; internalized gendered racial oppression moderated the relations between gendered racial microaggressions and traumatic stress symptoms. The results of this study can inform future research on Black women’s experiences of gendered racism and the role of gendered racial socialization in their lives. Online slides for instructors who want to use this article for teaching are available on PWQ’s website at http://journals.sagepub.com/page/pwq/suppl/index

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“And Still We Rise…”: Microaggressions and Intersectionality in the Study Abroad Experiences of Black Women

Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad ◽

10.36366/frontiers.v26i1.367 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 209-230 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Tasha Y. Willis

Keyword(s):

Community College ◽

Black Women ◽

Study Abroad ◽

African American Women ◽

Students Of Color ◽

Campus Climate ◽

Racial Microaggressions ◽

College Programs ◽

To Come ◽

Study Abroad Program

Racial microaggressions are racial slights and subtle insults aimed at people of color. Such affronts, though often unintentional, have been documented to come at great psychic, emotional, and physical cost to the targeted individuals. The term microaggression is also applied to women or other groups in society who experience oppression. These insults have been documented in the context of education for years. Though it has been established that students of color often face racial microaggressions on their home campuses, this phenomenon has not been explored in the context of study abroad. How this experience is further complicated by the intersection of gender, race, and other aspects of social identities was the premise of the following study that utilized the Black feminist construct of intersectionality to explore the experiences of 19 African American women who studied abroad through community college programs in three regions: the Mediterranean, West Africa and the British Isles. Findings include experiences of microaggressions by U.S. peers, in-country hosts and in several instances, situations of sexual harassment. Implications and recommendations for study abroad practitioners include discussion of the diversity of community college students, the extension of campus climate to the study abroad program, and the urgent need for critically reflexive staff and faculty equipped to respond effectively to microaggressions.

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Gendered Racial Microaggressions and Depressive Symptoms Among Black Women: A Moderated Mediation Model

Psychology of Women Quarterly ◽

10.1177/0361684319832511 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 43 (3) ◽

pp. 368-380 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Marlene G. Williams ◽

Jioni A. Lewis

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Racial Identity ◽

Black Women ◽

Online Survey ◽

Racial Microaggressions ◽

Moderated Mediation ◽

The United States ◽

Mediation Model ◽

Moderated Mediation Model ◽

Indirect Association

In the current study, we explored the relations between gendered racial microaggressions, gendered racial identity (intersection of one’s racial and gender identities), coping, and depressive symptoms among Black women. We tested coping strategies as mediators of the relations between gendered racial microaggressions and depressive symptoms. We also tested a moderated mediation model with gendered racial identity public and private regard as moderators of the indirect association of gendered racial microaggressions and depressive symptoms through disengagement coping. Participants were 231 Black women in the United States who completed an online survey. Disengagement coping was a significant mediator; increases in gendered racial microaggressions were associated with greater use of disengagement coping which, in turn, was associated with greater depressive symptoms. Gendered racial identity private regard was a significant moderator of the indirect association of gendered racial microaggressions and depressive symptoms through disengagement coping. These findings highlight the role of gendered racial identity private regard in buffering the negative effects of gendered racial microaggressions on depressive symptoms. Practitioners can use this information to apply an intersectional approach to therapeutic interventions that consider Black women’s intersecting identities and experiences of gendered racism.

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