Gendered Racial Microaggressions and Traumatic Stress Symptoms Among Black Women

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anahvia Taiyib Moody ◽  
Jioni A. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Black Women ◽  
Racial Socialization ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Racial Microaggressions ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Gendered Racism ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Survey Results

We investigated the relations between gendered racial microaggressions (i.e., subtle gendered racism), gendered racial socialization, and traumatic stress symptoms among Black women. We hypothesized that gendered racial microaggressions would be significantly associated with traumatic stress symptoms and that gendered racial socialization would moderate the relations between gendered racial microaggressions and traumatic stress symptoms. Participants were 226 Black women from across the United States who completed an online survey. Results from a hierarchical multiple regression analysis indicated that a greater frequency of gendered racial microaggressions was significantly associated with greater traumatic stress symptoms; internalized gendered racial oppression moderated the relations between gendered racial microaggressions and traumatic stress symptoms. The results of this study can inform future research on Black women’s experiences of gendered racism and the role of gendered racial socialization in their lives. Online slides for instructors who want to use this article for teaching are available on PWQ’s website at http://journals.sagepub.com/page/pwq/suppl/index

scholarly journals Is Physical Activity a Buffer? Gendered Racial Microaggressions and Anxiety Among African American Women

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 122-143
Author(s):  
LaTrice N. Wright ◽  
Jioni A. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
African American ◽  
African American Women ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Racial Microaggressions ◽  
The United States ◽  
Stress Appraisal ◽  
Gendered Racism ◽  
Anxious Arousal ◽  
American Women

The purpose of this study was to explore the relations between gendered racism (i.e., the simultaneous experience of racism and sexism) and anxiety among African American women. The study also tested the moderating role of physical activity in the link between gendered racism and anxiety. It was hypothesized that a subtle form of gendered racism (i.e., gendered racial microaggressions) would significantly predict anxious arousal. We also hypothesized that physical activity would buffer the relations between gendered racial microaggressions and anxiety. Participants were 249 African American women residing in the United States, who completed an online survey. Results from hierarchical multiple regression analyses indicated that a greater frequency and stress appraisal of gendered racial microaggressions significantly predicted greater anxious arousal. Results also suggested that physical activity did not buffer the association between gendered racial microaggressions and anxiety. This study has implications for highlighting the importance of exploring variables that might serve to buffer African American women against the stress of gendered racism experienced in their everyday lives.

scholarly journals Gendered Racial Microaggressions and Depressive Symptoms Among Black Women: A Moderated Mediation Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 368-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlene G. Williams ◽  
Jioni A. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Racial Identity ◽  
Black Women ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Racial Microaggressions ◽  
Moderated Mediation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mediation Model ◽  
Moderated Mediation Model ◽  
Indirect Association

In the current study, we explored the relations between gendered racial microaggressions, gendered racial identity (intersection of one’s racial and gender identities), coping, and depressive symptoms among Black women. We tested coping strategies as mediators of the relations between gendered racial microaggressions and depressive symptoms. We also tested a moderated mediation model with gendered racial identity public and private regard as moderators of the indirect association of gendered racial microaggressions and depressive symptoms through disengagement coping. Participants were 231 Black women in the United States who completed an online survey. Disengagement coping was a significant mediator; increases in gendered racial microaggressions were associated with greater use of disengagement coping which, in turn, was associated with greater depressive symptoms. Gendered racial identity private regard was a significant moderator of the indirect association of gendered racial microaggressions and depressive symptoms through disengagement coping. These findings highlight the role of gendered racial identity private regard in buffering the negative effects of gendered racial microaggressions on depressive symptoms. Practitioners can use this information to apply an intersectional approach to therapeutic interventions that consider Black women’s intersecting identities and experiences of gendered racism.

scholarly journals Psychosocial Outcomes in Adult Survivors of Retinoblastoma

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (31) ◽  
pp. 3608-3614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer S. Ford ◽  
Joanne F. Chou ◽  
Charles A. Sklar ◽  
Kevin C. Oeffinger ◽  
Danielle Novetsky Friedman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Cancer Recurrence ◽  
Psychosocial Outcomes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fear Of Cancer Recurrence ◽  
Chronic Medical Condition ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic

Purpose Survival rates for individuals diagnosed with retinoblastoma (RB) exceed 95% in the United States; however, little is known about the long-term psychosocial outcomes of these survivors. Patients and Methods Adult RB survivors, diagnosed from 1932 to 1994 and treated in New York, completed a comprehensive questionnaire adapted from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (CCSS), by mail or telephone. Psychosocial outcomes included psychological distress, anxiety, depression, somatization, fear of cancer recurrence, satisfaction with facial appearance, post-traumatic growth, and post-traumatic stress symptoms; noncancer CCSS siblings served as a comparison group. Results A total of 470 RB survivors (53.6% with bilateral RB; 52.1% female) and 2,820 CCSS siblings were 43.3 (standard deviation [SD], 11) years and 33.2 (SD, 8.4) years old at the time of study, respectively. After adjusting for sociodemographic factors, RB survivors did not have significantly higher rates of depression, somatization, distress, or anxiety compared with CCSS siblings. Although RB survivors were more likely to report post-traumatic stress symptoms of avoidance and/or hyperarousal (both P < .01), only five (1.1%) of 470 met criteria for post-traumatic stress disorder. Among survivors, having a chronic medical condition did not increase the likelihood of psychological problems. Bilateral RB survivors were more likely than unilateral RB survivors to experience fears of cancer recurrence (P < .01) and worry about their children being diagnosed with RB (P < .01). However, bilateral RB survivors were no more likely to report depression, anxiety, or somatic complaints than unilateral survivors. Conclusion Most RB survivors do not have poorer psychosocial functioning compared with a noncancer sample. In addition, bilateral and unilateral RB survivors seem similar with respect to their psychological symptoms.

Gendered racism : the lived experiences of black undergraduate women at an HPWI : microaggressions, space and culture

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Veronica A. Newton
Keyword(s):  
Black Women ◽  
Black Men ◽  
Emotional Labor ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
White Women ◽  
Racial Microaggressions ◽  
Critical Race ◽  
Critical Race Feminism ◽  
Gendered Racism ◽  
Undergraduate Women

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT AUTHOR'S REQUEST.] This current study examined how Black undergraduate women experience gendered racism at a historically, predominately white university in the South. With a lack of studies on Black women's college experiences, I took a critical intersectional approach to interrogate the role of racism and patriarchy together by utilizing a Critical Race Feminism perspective. With the approach I was able to explore and examine the lived experiences of gendered racism, gendered racial microaggressions in white-maled spaces on campus, Black-maled spaces on campus, as well as white women's spaces on campus. Using a critical race feminism theoretical, conceptual and methodological framework, I interviewed 25 Black undergraduate women who attended a state-flagship university in the Mid-Southern region of the US. I also conducted ethnographic fieldwork by shadowing 5-8 different participants from June of 2015 to January 2017 on campus and off campus. The findings of this study show that Black women received gendered racial microaggressions from white men, Black men, white women students and professors on campus. Black women also receive these microaggressions in white-maled spaces and Black-maled spaces. Furthermore, Black women experience challenges that prevents their acquirement of social capital based on the way their raced and gendered bodies are read. Lastly, Black women have no spaces on campus that serve both their raced and gendered identity together and participate in emotional labor that white students and Black men students do not experience.

Gendered Racism in the Lives of Black Women: A Qualitative Exploration

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 583-606
Author(s):  
Kamesha Spates ◽  
Na’Tasha Evans ◽  
Tierra Akilah James ◽  
Karen Martinez
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Black Women ◽  
Historically Black ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
The United States ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Gendered Racism ◽  
Societal Expectations ◽  
Qualitative Exploration ◽  
Depth Interviews

Historically, Black women have experienced multiple adversities due to gendered racism. While research demonstrates that gendered racism is associated with negative physical and mental health implications, little attention has been given to how being Black and female shape Black women’s experiences in multiple contexts. This study provided an opportunity for Black women to describe their lived experiences of gendered racism in the United States. We conducted in-depth interviews with Black women ( N = 22) between the ages of 18 and 69 years. We applied a thematic analysis approach to data analysis. Three themes were identified that underscored how these Black women navigated gendered racism: (a) navigating societal expectations of being Black and female, (b) navigating relationships (or lack thereof), and (c) navigating lack of resources and limited opportunities. Findings from this study provide an increased understanding of the unique challenges that Black women face because of their subordinated statuses in the United States. These findings may influence programs and assessments for Black women’s wellness.

Comparing the Effects of Different Story Types and Speakers in Hepatitis B Storytelling Videos

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 811-821
Author(s):  
Julia M. Alber ◽  
Chari Cohen ◽  
Amy Bleakley ◽  
Sanam F. Ghazvini ◽  
Brenda Trang Tolentino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Asian American ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Personal Story ◽  
Personal Stories ◽  
Severity Scores

Chronic hepatitis B, a condition associated with severe complications, disproportionately affects Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders in the United States. Increasing testing among this population is critical for improving health outcomes. This study compares different types of video narratives that use storytelling techniques to an informational video (control), to examine whether narratives are associated with higher hepatitis B beliefs scores and video rating outcomes. A sample of Asian American and Pacific Islander adults ( N = 600) completed an online survey where they viewed one of four video conditions, three of which included storytelling techniques and one with informational content. Results indicated that parental stories received significantly higher perceived effectiveness ratings ( M = 3.88, SD = 0.61) than the older adult personal stories ( M = 3.62, SD = 0.74), F(3, 596) = 3.795, p = .010. Parental stories also had significantly higher perceived severity scores ( M = 3.83, SD = 0.69) compared to the young adult stories ( M = 3.73, SD = 0.74) and the informational videos ( M = 3.83, SD = 0.69), F(3, 596) = 7.72, p < .001. The informational videos ( M = 4.10, SD = 0.65) received significantly higher message credibility ratings than the older adult personal stories ( M = 3.84, SD = 0.70), F(3, 596) = 4.71, p = .003. Follow-up tests using Bonferroni correction revealed that parental stories ( M = 3.98, SD = 0.64) and young adult personal stories ( M = 3.934, SD = 0.76) scored significantly higher on speaker ratings than the older adult personal stories ( M = 3.698, SD = 0.77). Results suggest that storytelling has the potential for connecting with a specific audience in an emotional way that is perceived well overall. Future research should examine the long-term impact of hepatitis B personal story videos and whether the addition of facts or statistics to videos would improve outcomes.

scholarly journals Challenging Definitions of Psychological Trauma: Connecting Racial Microaggressions and Traumatic Stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 2-16
Author(s):  
Kevin L. Nadal ◽  
Tanya Erazo ◽  
Rukiya King
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Psychological Trauma ◽  
Racial Microaggressions ◽  
People Of Color ◽  
Trauma Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Racial Trauma ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

While previous studies have found significant relationships between racial microagressions, depression, and anxiety, few studies have examined the effects of racial microaggressions on traumatic stress. Furthermore, although trauma has been traditionally conceptualized as psychophysiological reactions to life-threatening events, the notion of racial trauma has been excluded, despite resulting in similar symptomatology. The current study utilized a correlational, cross-sectional design with a racially diverse sample of people of color (N=254) to investigate the relationships between racial microaggressions, racially- or culturally-related trauma, and trauma symptoms. Using hierarchical multiple regression analysis, results indicated that a greater frequency of racial microaggressions was significantly associated with greater traumatic stress symptoms, and that school or workplace microaggressions were the type of microaggression that was most associated with traumatic symptoms. Implications are discussed, including the need for counselors, psychologists, and helping professionals to consider racial microaggressions as traumatic events while using culturally-informed trauma-focused methods to normalize and empower people of color.

scholarly journals Pediatric Speech-Language Pathologists’ Use of Mobile Health Technology: Qualitative Questionnaire Study (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelsey Thompson ◽  
Emily Zimmerman
Keyword(s):  
Parent Education ◽  
Technology Use ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Mobile Apps ◽  
Clinical Work ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mobile App ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Speech Language Pathologists

BACKGROUND While technology use in pediatric therapies is increasing, there is so far no research available focusing on how pediatric speech-language pathologists (SLPs) in the United States use technology. OBJECTIVE This paper sought to determine if, and to what extent, pediatric SLPs are using mobile apps, to determine what purpose they are using them for, and to identify gaps in available technology to provide guidance for future technological development. METHODS Pediatric SLPs completed an online survey containing five sections: demographics, overall use, use in assessment, use in intervention, barriers, and future directions. RESULTS Mobile app use by 485 pediatric SLPs in the clinical setting was analyzed. Most (364/438; 83.1%) pediatric SLPs reported using technology ≤50% of the time in their clinical work, with no differences evident by age group (&lt;35 years and ≥35 years; <italic>P</italic>=.97). Pediatric SLPs are currently using apps for intervention (399/1105; 36.1%), clinical information (241/1105; 21.8%), parent education (151/1105; 13.7%), assessment (132/1105; 12%), client education (108/1105; 9.8%), and other uses (55/1105; 5.0%). Cost (46/135; 34.1%) and lack of an evidence base (36/135; 26.7%) were the most frequently reported barriers. Most SLPs (268/380; 70.7%) desired more technology use, with no difference evident by age group (<italic>P</italic>=.81). CONCLUSIONS A majority of pediatric SLPs are using mobile apps less than 50% of the time in a pediatric setting and they use them more during intervention compared to assessment. While pediatric SLPs are hesitant to add to their client’s screen time, they would like more apps to be developed that are supported by research and are less expensive. Implications for future research and app development are also discussed.

scholarly journals The Mental Health of Latinx Adults in the United States During the Coronavirus Pandemic: A Snapshot of Anxiety, Depression, and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bianca T. Villalobos ◽  
Juventino Hernandez Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Life Impact ◽  
Anxiety Depression

The current study documented levels of anxiety, depression, posttraumatic stress, and COVID-19 fears and impacts among Latinxs in the U.S. during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants of this cross-sectional study were 388 Latinx adults who completed an online survey between June and November 2020. Almost half of participants showed clinical levels of anxiety and depression and more than a quarter of participants showed clinical levels of posttraumatic stress. Latinxs reported on average 22 types of negative pandemic life impacts. Group differences based on gender, educational attainment, income, vulnerability to COVID-19, and essential worker status were found for mental health symptoms. Severity of COVID-19 fears and negative life impact counts were related to gender, nativity, educational attainment, vulnerability to COVID-19, and insurance status. Specific Latinx groups experienced greater levels of psychological distress during the pandemic. Further examination of risk and protective factors is needed for communities of color.

Video-Based Motion Analysis Use: A National Survey of Orthopedic Physical Therapists

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (10) ◽  
pp. 1759-1770
Author(s):  
Craig P Hensley ◽  
Devyn Millican ◽  
Nida Hamilton ◽  
Amy Yang ◽  
Jungwha Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Motion Analysis ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Physical Therapists ◽  
Physical Therapist ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research

Abstract Objectives Motion analysis is performed by physical therapists to assess and improve movement. Two-dimensional video-based motion analysis (VBMA) is available for smartphones/tablets and requires little to no equipment or cost. Research on VBMA use in clinical practice is limited. The purpose of this study was to examine the current use of VBMA in orthopedic physical therapist practice. Methods Members of the Academy of Orthopaedic Physical Therapy completed an online survey. Questions examined frequency of VBMA use, reasons for use, facilitators/barriers, device/apps used, practice patterns, other certificates/degrees, and demographic information. Results Among the final analysis sample of 477 respondents, 228 (47.8%) use VBMA. Of 228 VBMA users, 91.2% reported using it for ≤25% of their caseload, and 57.9% reported using their personal device to capture movement. Reasons for using VBMA included visual feedback for patient education (91.7%), analysis of movement (91.2%), and assessment of progress (51.8%). Barriers to use included lack of device/equipment (48.8%), lack of space (48.6%), and time restraint (32.1%). Those with ≤20 years of clinical experience (odds ratio [OR] = 1.83, 95% CI = 1.21–2.76), residency training (OR = 2.49, 95% CI = 1.14–5.43), and fellowship training (OR = 2.97, 95% CI = 1.32–6.66), and those from the West region of the United States (OR = 1.66, 95% CI = 1.07–2.56) were more likely to use VBMA. Conclusions More than 50% of surveyed orthopedic physical therapists do not use VBMA in clinical practice. Future research should be directed toward assessing reliability and validity of VBMA use by smartphones, tablets, and apps and examining whether VBMA use enhances treatment outcomes. Data security, patient confidentiality, and integration into the electronic medical record should be addressed. Impact This study is the first to our knowledge to describe the use of VBMA in orthopedic physical therapist practice in the United States. It is the first step in understanding how VBMA is used and might be used to enhance clinical assessment and treatment outcomes.

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