Startle reflex modulation during unconscious processing of fear evoking slides in animal phobics

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jutta Globisch ◽  
Almut I. Weike ◽  
Alfons O. Hamm
Keyword(s):  
Startle Reflex ◽  
Reflex Modulation ◽  
Unconscious Processing

scholarly journals No consistent startle modulation by reward

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iris Schutte ◽  
Johanna M. P. Baas ◽  
Ivo Heitland ◽  
J. Leon Kenemans
Keyword(s):  
Startle Reflex ◽  
Task Engagement ◽  
Future Experiment ◽  
Reflex Modulation ◽  
Monetary Rewards ◽  
Potential Gain ◽  
Subjective Value ◽  
Experimental Parameters ◽  
Startle Modulation ◽  
Aversive Motivation

AbstractPrevious studies have not clearly demonstrated whether motivational tendencies during reward feedback are mainly characterized by appetitive responses to a gain or mainly by aversive consequences of reward omission. In the current study this issue was addressed employing a passive head or tails game and using the startle reflex as an index of the appetitive-aversive continuum. A second aim of the current study was to use startle-reflex modulation as a means to compare the subjective value of monetary rewards of varying magnitude. Startle responses after receiving feedback that a potential reward was won or not won were compared with a baseline condition without a potential gain. Furthermore, startle responses during anticipation of no versus potential gain were compared. Consistent with previous studies, startle-reflex magnitudes were significantly potentiated when participants anticipated a reward compared to no reward, which may reflect anticipatory arousal. Specifically for the largest reward (20-cents) startle magnitudes were potentiated when a reward was at stake but not won, compared to a neutral baseline without potential gain. In contrast, startle was not inhibited relative to baseline when a reward was won. This suggests that startle modulation during feedback is better characterized in terms of potentiation when missing out on reward rather than in terms of inhibition as a result of winning. However, neither of these effects were replicated in a more targeted second experiment. The discrepancy between these experiments may be due to differences in motivation to obtain rewards or differences in task engagement. From these experiments it may be concluded that the nature of the processing of reward feedback and reward cues is very sensitive to experimental parameters and settings. These studies show how apparently modest changes in these parameters and settings may lead to quite different modulations of appetitive/aversive motivation. A future experiment may shed more light on the question whether startle-reflex modulation after feedback is indeed mainly characterized by the aversive consequences of reward omission for relatively large rewards.

Startle Reflex Modulation: Perception, Attention, and Emotion

2003 ◽  
pp. 65-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret M. Bradley ◽  
Dean Sabatinelli
Keyword(s):  
Startle Reflex ◽  
Reflex Modulation

Psychophysiological correlation between alcohol craving scale (ACS-3F) and startle reflex modulation

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. S318
Author(s):  
M. Jiménez-Giménez ◽  
A. Koeneke ◽  
J. Borrell ◽  
G. Rubio
Keyword(s):  
Startle Reflex ◽  
Reflex Modulation ◽  
Alcohol Craving

Influence of individual differences in the Behavioral Inhibition System and stimulus content (fear versus blood-disgust) on affective startle reflex modulation

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.X. Caseras ◽  
M.A. Fullana ◽  
J. Riba ◽  
M.J. Barbanoj ◽  
A. Aluja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Behavioral Inhibition ◽  
Startle Reflex ◽  
Reflex Modulation ◽  
Behavioral Inhibition System ◽  
Stimulus Content

scholarly journals Additive Effects of Threat-of-Shock and Picture Valence on Startle Reflex Modulation

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e54003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Bublatzky ◽  
Pedro M. Guerra ◽  
M. Carmen Pastor ◽  
Harald T. Schupp ◽  
Jaime Vila
Keyword(s):  
Startle Reflex ◽  
Reflex Modulation ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
Threat Of Shock

scholarly journals Startle reflex modulation during threat of shock and “threat” of reward

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. e12989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret M. Bradley ◽  
Zvinka Z. Zlatar ◽  
Peter J. Lang
Keyword(s):  
Startle Reflex ◽  
Reflex Modulation ◽  
Threat Of Shock

Evidence of fearlessness in behaviourally disordered children: a study on startle reflex modulation

2004 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 884-892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie H.M. Goozen ◽  
Heddeke Snoek ◽  
Walter Matthys ◽  
Inge Rossum ◽  
Herman Engeland
Keyword(s):  
Startle Reflex ◽  
Reflex Modulation
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