Decision in the Form of Attention: The Speed-Accuracy Trade-off and the Cost-Benefit Paradigm

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gershon Tenenbaum
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Speed Accuracy

scholarly journals Understanding and Encouraging Online Reviewing With a Selection-Based Review System

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 446-464
Author(s):  
Rowanne Fleck ◽  
Benjamin R Cowan ◽  
Eirini Darmanin ◽  
Yixin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Online Reviews ◽  
Review System ◽  
Personal View ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Consumer Reviews ◽  
Online Consumer Reviews ◽  
Mobile Interface ◽  
Online Consumer ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Online consumer reviews are important for people wishing to make purchases online. However, not everyone contributes online reviews. This paper looks at consumer motivations of reviewing and rating behaviour in order to motivate the design of a mobile interface for online reviewing. An interview study found that people tend to contribute reviews and ratings based on their perception of whether they would be helpful or not to others as well as their own personal view of the usefulness of reviews and ratings when buying products. There also seems to be a cost-benefit trade-off that influences people’s decisions to review and rate: people tend to make a decision based on the perceived value of that review or rating to the community against the effort and costs of contributing. A mobile interface was designed that was intended both to reduce the cost of leaving reviews and to increase the perception of the usefulness of the reviews to others. An initial evaluation of this reviewing interface suggests that it could encourage more people to leave reviews.

Exploring the Culture of Surveillance: A Qualitative Study in Portugal

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-95
Author(s):  
Délcio Faustino ◽  
Maria João Simões
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Surveillance Culture ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Subjective Meanings

By following the theoretical framework of the surveillance culture this article aims to detail the surveillance imaginaries and practices that individuals have, capturing differences and social inequalities among respondents. We present an in-depth look into surveillance awareness, exploring subjective meanings and the varying awareness regarding commercial, governmental, and lateral surveillance. Furthermore, a detailed analysis is made on how individuals sometimes welcome surveillance, expanding on the cost-benefit trade-off, and detailing it on three distinct trade-offs: the privacy vs. commercial gains/rewards, the privacy vs. convenience and, the privacy vs. security. Lastly, we present a section that explores and analyzes resistance to surveillance.

scholarly journals Cheaper is not always worse: strongly protective isolates of a defensive symbiont are less costly to the aphid host

2015 ◽  
Vol 282 (1799) ◽  
pp. 20142333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Cayetano ◽  
Lukas Rothacher ◽  
Jean-Christophe Simon ◽  
Christoph Vorburger
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Aphis Fabae ◽  
Parasitoid Wasps ◽  
Strain Variation ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Black Bean ◽  
Defensive Symbiosis ◽  
Hamiltonella Defensa ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Aphid Host

Defences against parasites are typically associated with costs to the host that contribute to the maintenance of variation in resistance. This also applies to the defence provided by the facultative bacterial endosymbiont Hamiltonella defensa, which protects its aphid hosts against parasitoid wasps while imposing life-history costs. To investigate the cost–benefit relationship within protected hosts, we introduced multiple isolates of H. defensa to the same genetic backgrounds of black bean aphids, Aphis fabae , and we quantified the protection against their parasitoid Lysiphlebus fabarum as well as the costs to the host (reduced lifespan and reproduction) in the absence of parasitoids. Surprisingly, we observed the opposite of a trade-off. Strongly protective isolates of H. defensa reduced lifespan and lifetime reproduction of unparasitized aphids to a lesser extent than weakly protective isolates. This finding has important implications for the evolution of defensive symbiosis and highlights the need for a better understanding of how strain variation in protective symbionts is maintained.

Investigating the Cost-Benefit Trade-Off of Additional Planning Using Parade Game Simulation

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 04017066 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Alireza Abbasian-Hosseini ◽  
Min Liu ◽  
Gregery Howell
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Game Simulation ◽  
The Cost

scholarly journals Differential Contribution of Dopaminergic Transmission at D1- and D2-like Receptors to Cost/Benefit Evaluation for Motivation in Monkeys

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukiko Hori ◽  
Yuji Nagai ◽  
Koki Mimura ◽  
Tetsuya Suhara ◽  
Makoto Higuchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography Imaging ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Dopaminergic Transmission ◽  
R And D ◽  
Benefit Evaluation ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Reward Amount ◽  
Fundamental Insight ◽  
The Cost

AbstractIt has been widely accepted that dopamine (DA) plays a major role in motivation, yet the specific contribution of DA signaling at D1-like receptor (D1R) and D2-like receptor (D2R) to cost-benefit trade-off remains unclear. Here, by combining pharmacological manipulation of DA receptors (DARs) and positron emission tomography imaging, we assessed the relationship between the degree of D1R/D2R blockade and changes in benefit- and cost-based motivation for goal-directed behavior of macaque monkeys. We found that the degree of blockade of either D1R or D2R was associated with a reduction of relative incentive effect of reward amount, where D2R blockade had a stronger effect. Workload-discounting was selectively increased by D2R antagonism, whereas delay-discounting was similarly increased after D1R and D2R blockades. These results provide fundamental insight into the specific actions of DARs in the regulation of the cost/benefit trade-off and important implications for motivational alterations in both neurological and psychiatric disorders.

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