Effects of physical conditioning on perceived exertion and working capacity

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of an endurance training program on blood lipids and lipoproteins in adolescents. Fifteen males and 10 females, ages 13 to 18 years, underwent pretest evaluations, including physical measurements, nutritional intake, physical working capacity (PWC), and fasting serum lipid and lipoprotein levels. Physical conditioning consisted of a 16-week progressive endurance training (ET) program 40 min·day1 three times per week. Twenty-five males and females matched for age, sex, and race served as controls. Following the conditioning program, the ET group had a significant increase (p < .05) in PWC and a significant decrease (p < .05) in sum of skinfolds and resting heart rate. A significant decrease (p < .05) was also noted for total cholesterol (TC) and the ratio of TC to high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) with a significant increase (p < .05) in HDL-C. No differences were found for the control group. The results suggest that 16 weeks of endurance training favorably improves blood lipid profiles in adolescents.

Download Full-text

Half Soccer Season Induced Physical Conditioning Adaptations in Elite Youth Players

International Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1055/a-1014-2809 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 41 (02) ◽

pp. 106-112 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Markel A. Arregui-Martin ◽

Ibai Garcia-Tabar ◽

Esteban M. Gorostiaga

Keyword(s):

Perceived Exertion ◽

Production Capacity ◽

Endurance Performance ◽

Physical Conditioning ◽

Endurance Running ◽

Change Of Direction ◽

Jump Test ◽

Lower Limb Strength ◽

Before And After ◽

Fitness Programs

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate training-induced fitness changes and their relationship with training-competition load during half a soccer season (18 wks). Training load [heart rate (HR) and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE)] and match time were monitored, including 108 training (3 223 individuals) and 23 match sessions, in 38 youth elite male soccer players. Fitness variables were assessed before and after the study. Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test 1 (Yo-Yo IRT1) improved (P<0.001; 90%CI: 418–632 m; ES: 2.14). Anthropometrical, jump, sprint, and change-of-direction measures remained unchanged. Jump test correlated with sprint (r=0.74; P<0.001; SEE=3.38 m·s−1) and Yo-Yo IRT1 (r=−0.58; P=0.005; SEE=4.11 m) tests. Initial sum of 6 skinfolds was associated with changes in this same measure (r=−0.51; P<0.001; SEE=21%). Initial Yo-Yo IRT1 results were related to changes in Yo-Yo IRT1 (r=−0.84; P<0.001; SEE=10%) and match time played (r=0.44; P=0.033; SEE=445 m). Mean RPE records were related to training spent within 75–90% maximal HR (r=0.54; P<0.001; SEE=4%). The half-season was beneficial for endurance running performance but not for lower-limb strength-velocity production capacity. The more aerobically deconditioned players played fewer minutes of match, although they showed the greatest improvements in endurance performance. Non-soccer-specific, scientifically based, and individualized fitness programs in addition to soccer-specific training are recommended.

Download Full-text

The Development of Rating of Perceived Exertion-Based Tests of Physical Working Capacity

The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research ◽

10.1519/jsc.0b013e31815f58ca ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 293-302 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Michelle Mielke ◽

Terry J Housh ◽

Moh H Malek ◽

Travis W Beck ◽

Richard J Schmidt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Perceived Exertion ◽

Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽

Physical Working Capacity ◽

Working Capacity

Download Full-text

Differentiated Ratings of Perceived Exertion during Physical Conditioning of Older Individuals Using Leg-Weight Loading

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.2466/pms.1975.40.2.563 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 563-574 ◽

Cited By ~ 52

Author(s):

Kent B. Pandolf ◽

Richard L. Burse ◽

Ralph F. Goldman

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Perceived Exertion ◽

Work Load ◽

Control Group ◽

Physical Conditioning ◽

Older Individuals ◽

Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽

Submaximal Work ◽

Submaximal Heart Rate ◽

Central Factors

Use of leg weights for physical conditioning was evaluated in 8 middle-aged male Ss; four Ss of similar age served as a control group. Pre- and post-training evaluation consisted of heart rate and oxygen uptake responses to five submaximal work loads which involved either level walking or cycling. Differentiated ratings of perceived exertion elicited for each work load were: a local muscular rating; a central or cardio-pulmonary rating; and an over-all or general rating. Submaximal heart rate decreased 6 to 9 beats/min. from pretraining values for all work loads after training. The differentiated ratings for training generally reflected a reduced strain on the cardiovascular system and also the improved functioning of the working muscles with training. However, when one set of sensations dominated the exertional perception the others appear to have been perceptually de-emphasized. Local muscular factors seemed to dominate the exertional perception for cycling, but central factors appeared to play a more important role for treadmill walking, at least within the range of velocities investigated.

Download Full-text

Heart Rate and Ratings of Perceived Exertion at the Physical Working Capacity at the Heart Rate Threshold

The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research ◽

10.1519/00124278-200105000-00011 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 225-229

Author(s):

SHARON R. PERRY ◽

TERRY J. HOUSH ◽

GLEN O. JOHNSON ◽

KYLE T. EBERSOLE ◽

ANTHONY J. BULL

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Perceived Exertion ◽

Physical Working Capacity ◽

Working Capacity ◽

Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽

Heart Rate Threshold ◽

Rate Threshold

Download Full-text

Estimated times to exhaustion and power outputs at the gas exchange threshold, physical working capacity at the rating of perceived exertion threshold, and respiratory compensation point

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1139/h2012-057 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 37 (5) ◽

pp. 872-879 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Haley C. Bergstrom ◽

Terry J. Housh ◽

Jorge M. Zuniga ◽

Clayton L. Camic ◽

Daniel A. Traylor ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gas Exchange ◽

Perceived Exertion ◽

Compensation Point ◽

Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽

Physical Working Capacity ◽

Working Capacity ◽

Respiratory Compensation Point ◽

Respiratory Compensation ◽

Power Outputs ◽

Gas Exchange Threshold

The purposes of this study were to compare the power outputs and estimated times to exhaustion (Tlim) at the gas exchange threshold (GET), physical working capacity at the rating of perceived exertion threshold (PWCRPE), and respiratory compensation point (RCP). Three male and 5 female subjects (mean ± SD: age, 22.4 ± 2.8 years) performed an incremental test to exhaustion on an electronically braked cycle ergometer to determine peak oxygen consumption rate, GET, and RCP. The PWCRPE was determined from ratings of perceived exertion data recorded during 3 continuous workbouts to exhaustion. The estimated Tlim values for each subject at GET, PWCRPE, and RCP were determined from power curve analyses (Tlim = axb). The results indicated that the PWCRPE (176 ± 55 W) was not significantly different from RCP (181 ± 54 W); however, GET (155 ± 42 W) was significantly less than PWCRPE and RCP. The estimated Tlim for the GET (26.1 ± 9.8 min) was significantly greater than PWCRPE (14.6 ± 5.6 min) and RCP (11.2 ± 3.1 min). The PWCRPE occurred at a mean power output that was 13.5% greater than the GET and, therefore, it is likely that the perception of effort is not driven by the same mechanism that underlies the GET (i.e., lactate buffering). Furthermore, the PWCRPE and RCP were not significantly different and, therefore, these thresholds may be associated with the same mechanisms of fatigue, such as increased levels of interstitial and (or) arterial [K+].

Download Full-text

High-Intensity Training in Water Polo: Swimming Versus Ball Drills

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance ◽

10.1123/ijspp.2019-0142 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 324-329

Author(s):

Petros G. Botonis ◽

Ioannis Malliaros ◽

Gavriil G. Arsoniadis ◽

Theodoros I. Platanou ◽

Argyris G. Toubekis

Keyword(s):

Blood Lactate ◽

High Intensity ◽

Perceived Exertion ◽

Physiological Responses ◽

Training Load ◽

Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽

Maximum Speed ◽

Physical Conditioning ◽

Water Polo ◽

High Intensity Training

Purpose: To examine the acute physiological responses and internal training load of long-interval swimming and water polo–specific drills in high-level water polo players. Methods: A total of 10 water polo players performed both a high-intensity swimming without ball (SW) with intensity corresponding to 90% of their maximum speed previously attained during a 300-m swimming test or a counterattack ball drill (CA). Both SW and CA conditions were designed to provide equal time exposure. Thus, 3 bouts of 4 minutes duration and a 3-minute passive rest were performed in each condition. The players’ physiological responses were assessed by continuous monitoring heart rate (HR) during CA and SW as well as by measuring blood lactate at the end of each condition. Rating of perceived exertion was recorded at the end of each bout. The Edwards summated HR zones were used to measure internal training load. Results: Both peak and mean HR were similar between SW and CA, and no difference was detected between conditions in the percentage time spent at 90% to 100% of HRpeak. Postexercise blood lactate (8.5 [4.1] vs 11.5 [1.9] mmol·L−1) and rating of perceived exertion (8.1 [0.8] vs 8.7 [0.5] a.u.) values were lower in CA compared with SW (P < .05). Conclusions: SW compared with CA showed similar cardiac stress but increased anaerobic metabolism activation and higher rating of perceived exertion. Either CA or SW may be both used in training practice as a means to effectively train physical conditioning of water polo players, whereas CA may also facilitate tactical preparation.

Download Full-text