Half Soccer Season Induced Physical Conditioning Adaptations in Elite Youth Players

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (02) ◽  
pp. 106-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markel A. Arregui-Martin ◽  
Ibai Garcia-Tabar ◽  
Esteban M. Gorostiaga
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Physical Conditioning ◽  
Endurance Running ◽  
Change Of Direction ◽  
Jump Test ◽  
Lower Limb Strength ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Fitness Programs

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate training-induced fitness changes and their relationship with training-competition load during half a soccer season (18 wks). Training load [heart rate (HR) and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE)] and match time were monitored, including 108 training (3 223 individuals) and 23 match sessions, in 38 youth elite male soccer players. Fitness variables were assessed before and after the study. Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test 1 (Yo-Yo IRT1) improved (P<0.001; 90%CI: 418–632 m; ES: 2.14). Anthropometrical, jump, sprint, and change-of-direction measures remained unchanged. Jump test correlated with sprint (r=0.74; P<0.001; SEE=3.38 m·s−1) and Yo-Yo IRT1 (r=−0.58; P=0.005; SEE=4.11 m) tests. Initial sum of 6 skinfolds was associated with changes in this same measure (r=−0.51; P<0.001; SEE=21%). Initial Yo-Yo IRT1 results were related to changes in Yo-Yo IRT1 (r=−0.84; P<0.001; SEE=10%) and match time played (r=0.44; P=0.033; SEE=445 m). Mean RPE records were related to training spent within 75–90% maximal HR (r=0.54; P<0.001; SEE=4%). The half-season was beneficial for endurance running performance but not for lower-limb strength-velocity production capacity. The more aerobically deconditioned players played fewer minutes of match, although they showed the greatest improvements in endurance performance. Non-soccer-specific, scientifically based, and individualized fitness programs in addition to soccer-specific training are recommended.

scholarly journals Cardiorespiratory, Metabolic and Muscular Responses during a Video-Recorded Aerobic Dance Session on an Air Dissipation Platform

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (24) ◽  
pp. 9511
Author(s):  
Alessandra Moreira-Reis ◽  
José Luis Maté-Muñoz ◽  
Juan Hernández-Lougedo ◽  
Pablo García-Fernández ◽  
Eulogio Pleguezuelos-Cobo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Fatigue ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Pulmonary Ventilation ◽  
Muscular Fatigue ◽  
Metabolic Responses ◽  
Hard Surface ◽  
Aerobic Dance ◽  
Jump Test ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Lactate Levels

Background: Aerobic dance (AD) is an appropriate physical activity for improving cardiorespiratory fitness. This study aimed to compare cardiorespiratory and metabolic responses, and muscle fatigue between an air dissipation platform (ADP) and a hard surface during a video-recorded AD session. Methods: 25 healthy young women (23.3 ± 2.5 years) completed three sessions. In session 1, participants performed an incremental test to exhaustion on a treadmill. One week after session 1, participants were randomly assigned in a crossover design to perform video-recorded AD sessions on an ADP and on a hard surface (sessions 2 and 3). Cardiorespiratory and metabolic responses were assessed during AD sessions. Muscular fatigue was measured before and after AD sessions by a countermovement jump test. Results: Significantly higher heart rate, respiratory exchange ratio, pulmonary ventilation, ventilatory oxygen equivalent, and ventilatory carbon dioxide equivalent were observed on an ADP than on a hard surface (p < 0.05). Despite a significant increase in lactate levels on an ADP (p ≤ 0.01), muscular fatigue and perceived exertion rating were similar on both surfaces (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Video-recorded AD on an ADP increased the cardioventilatory and metabolic responses compared to a hard surface, preventing further muscle fatigue.

scholarly journals The Effect of Static and Dynamic Stretching during Warm-Up on Running Economy and Perception of Effort in Recreational Endurance Runners

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 8386
Author(s):  
Emanuela Faelli ◽  
Marco Panascì ◽  
Vittoria Ferrando ◽  
Ambra Bisio ◽  
Luca Filipas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Running Economy ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Metabolic Responses ◽  
Endurance Running ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Perception Of Effort ◽  
Recreational Runners ◽  
Endurance Runners

This randomized crossover counterbalanced study investigated, in recreational runners, the acute effects of pre-exercise stretching on physiological and metabolic responses, endurance performance, and perception of effort. Eight male endurance runners (age 36 ± 11 years) performed three running-until-exhaustion tests, preceded by three warm-ups, including the following different stretching protocols: static (SS), dynamic (DS), and no-stretching (NS). During the SS and DS sessions, the warm-up consisted of 10 min of running plus 5 min of SS or DS, respectively, while during the NS session, the warm-up consisted of 15 min of running. Physiological and metabolic responses, and endurance running performance parameters, were evaluated. The perception of effort was derived from the rating of perceived exertion (RPE). Running economy significantly improved after SS (p < 0.05) and DS (p < 0.01), and RPE values were significantly lower in SS (p < 0.05) and DS (p < 0.01), compared to NS. No differences in physiological and metabolic responses among the sessions were found. This study showed that including SS and DS within the warm-up ameliorated running economy and decreased the perception of effort during a running-until-exhaustion test, highlighting the benefits of stretching on endurance performance. These results should encourage recreational runners to insert stretching during warm-up, to optimize the running energy costs, reducing the perception of effort and making the training sessions more enjoyable.

Case Study: Nutrition and Hydration Status during 4,254 km of Running Over 78 Consecutive Days

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 533-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Dempster ◽  
Rhiannon Britton ◽  
Andrew Murray ◽  
Ricardo J. S. Costa
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Endurance Running ◽  
Dietary Analysis ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Nutrition And Hydration ◽  
Ultra Endurance

The aims of this study were to assess the dietary intake and monitor self-reported recovery quality and clinical symptomology of a male ultra-endurance runner who completed a multiday ultra-endurance running challenge covering 4,254 km from North Scotland to the Moroccan Sahara desert over 78 consecutive days. Food and fluid intakes were recorded and analyzed through dietary analysis software. Body mass (BM) was determined before and after running each day, and before sleep. Clinical symptomology and perceived recovery quality were recorded each day. Whole blood hemoglobin and serum ferritin were determined before and after the challenge. Total daily energy (mean ± SD: 23.2 ± 3.2MJ·day−1) and macronutrient intake (182 ± 31g·day−1 protein, 842 ± 115g·day−1 carbohydrate, 159 ± 55 g·day−1 fat) met consensus nutritional guidelines for endurance performance. Total daily water intake through foods and fluids was 4.8 ± 2.0L·day−1. Water and carbohydrate intake rates during running were 239 ± 143ml·h−1 and 56 ± 19g·h−1, respectively. Immediately after running, carbohydrate and protein intakes were 1.3 ± 1.0g·kg BM−1 and 0.4 ± 0.2g·kg BM−1, respectively. Daily micronutrient intakes ranged from 109 to 662% of UK RNIs. Prerunning BM was generally maintained throughout. Overall exercise-induced BM loss averaged 0.8 ± 1.0%; although BM losses of ≥ 2% occurred in the latter stages, a reflection of the warmer climate. Varying degrees of self-reported perceived recovery quality and clinical symptomology occurred throughout the challenge. This case study highlights oscillations in dietary habits along 78 consecutive days of ultra-endurance running, dependent on changes in ambient conditions and course topography. Nevertheless, nutrition and hydration status were maintained throughout the challenge. Despite dietary iron intake above RNI and iron supplementation, this alone did not prevent deficiency symptoms.

Running endurance in 27-h-fasted humans

1987 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 2502-2509 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Nieman ◽  
K. A. Carlson ◽  
M. E. Brandstater ◽  
R. T. Naegele ◽  
J. W. Blankenship
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Type I ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
O2 Uptake ◽  
Endurance Running ◽  
Exercise Tests ◽  
Marathon Runners

Nine male marathon runners were exercised to exhaustion to determine the effects of a 27-h fast on endurance performance. Each subject completed two exercise tests at the same treadmill speed (set at 70% maximal O2 uptake), one following a 27-h fast and one 3 h after a preexercise meal, in random order. Fasting caused a 44.7 +/- 5.8% (SE) decrease in endurance performance (P less than 0.01). Blood, muscle, psychological, and ventilatory data were examined to determine the cause of the decreased performance. Fasting caused significant increases in O2 uptake (9.3 +/- 2.0%), heart rate (8.4 +/- 2.4%), and rating of perceived exertion, ventilation, and psychological fatigue, evident within the first 60 min of exercise. There were no differences in plasma glucose or epinephrine levels. Muscle glycogen degraded at the same rate (0.482 +/- 0.146 vs. 0.470 +/- 0.281 mumol.g-1.min-1 in the nonfasted and fasted tests, respectively) despite lower respiratory exchange ratio and elevated free fatty acid levels, which may partially explain the elevated O2 uptake. Lactate, insulin, and norepinephrine were all increased in the fasted test (P less than 0.05). The increase in norepinephrine (r = 0.79, P less than 0.01), the diameter of type I muscle fibers (r = 0.70, P less than 0.05), and ending insulin levels (r = -0.88, P less than 0.01) were correlated with endurance time in the fasted state. Fatigue in endurance running for 27-h fasted humans appears to be related to a combination of physiological, psychological, metabolic, and hormonal changes.

scholarly journals Effects of a Songahm Taekwondo Tournament on Vertical Jump and Technical-Tactical Performance in Athletes of the Brazilian National Team

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Detanico ◽  
Nicole Vitório Librizzi ◽  
Marina Saldanha Da Silva Athayde
Keyword(s):  
Level Set ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Jump Height ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
National Team ◽  
Jump Test ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Hoc

AbstractThe study aimed to verify the effects of a simulated taekwondo tournament on vertical jump as well as technical and tactical performance in athletes of the Brazilian national team.The study involved 10 male Songahm taekwondo athletes. They took part in a simulated tournament in sparring modality, comprising four 2-minute fights with different opponents. Before and after each fight, the athletes performed the Sargent Jump Test and were asked to indicate the rate of the perceived exertion (RPE). In addition, the fights were recorded and some technical and tactical variables were analysed, namely the number of kicks, effectiveness, and technical variety. The analysis of variance for repeated measures with the Bonferroni post hoc test was used, with the significance level set atNo significant differences in the jump height were observed throughout the fights (The simulated taekwondo tournament had no effect on vertical jump or technical and tactical performance throughout the fights. The athletes were able to recover the effort perception before each new fight.

scholarly journals Changes in Pain and Nutritional Intake Modulate Ultra-Running Performance: A Case Report

Sports ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russ Best ◽  
Benjamin Barwick ◽  
Alice Best ◽  
Nicolas Berger ◽  
Claire Harrison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Nutritional Intake ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Endurance Running ◽  
Carbohydrate Feeding ◽  
Ultra Running ◽  
Ultra Endurance

Ultra-endurance running provides numerous physiological, psychological, and nutritional challenges to the athlete and supporting practitioners. We describe the changes in physiological status, psychological condition, and nutritional intake over the course of two 100-mile running races, with differing outcomes: non-completion and completion. Athlete perception of pain, freshness, and motivation differed between events, independent of rating of perceived exertion. Our data suggest that the integration of multiple sensations (freshness, motivation, hunger, pain, and thirst) produce performance. Increases in carbohydrate feeding (+5 g·h−1) and protein intake (+0.3 g·kg−1) also likely contributed to successful completion of a 100-mile race, by reducing the fractional utilization of maximal oxygen uptake and satiating hunger, respectively. Nutritional data support the notion that the gut is a trainable, and critical organ with respect to ultra-endurance performance. Finally, we propose future research to investigate the rate at which peak feeding occurs throughout ultra-endurance events, as this may further serve to personalize sports nutrition strategies.

scholarly journals Physical fitness changes among amateur soccer players: effects of the pre-season period

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-72
Author(s):  
Rui Silva ◽  
Ricardo Lima ◽  
Miguel Camões ◽  
César Leão ◽  
Sérgio Matos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Training Period ◽  
Drop Jump ◽  
Change Of Direction ◽  
Monitoring Tools ◽  
Maximal Aerobic Speed ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Baseline Fitness

Abstract Study aim: To assess changes in physical fitness of amateur soccer players after a pre-season training period and baseline fitness dependencies. Material and methods: Twenty-one amateur soccer players were assessed during the pre-season. The following physical variables were assessed before and after a two-month pre-season training period: (i) cardiorespiratory fitness, (ii) strength and power, and (iii) change of direction (COD). Results: Significant decreases were found for countermovement jump (CMJ) (p < 0.001; d = 1.161), drop jump (DJ) (p = 0.014; d = 0.958), and horizontal jump (HJ) (p = 0.042; d = 0.640), while no significant changes were found for the overall variables from the beginning to the end of pre-season. Fit players revealed significant decreases for CMJ (p = 0.002; d = –2.495), DJ (p = 0.004; d = –1.760), HJ (p = 0.028; d = –1.005), COD deficit (p = 0.034; d = 1.013), and maximal aerobic speed (MAS) (p = 0.026; d = –4.053). No significant changes were found for unfit players. Conclusions: Amateur soccer coaches should consider assessing physical qualities at the beginning of pre-season and use the free-of-charge monitoring tools such as session-rate of perceived exertion (s-RPE) during the training process.

scholarly journals Effects of Strength vs. Plyometric Training on Change of Direction Performance in Experienced Soccer Players

Sports ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 144
Author(s):  
Håvard Guldteig Rædergård ◽  
Hallvard Nygaard Falch ◽  
Roland van den Tillaar
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Physical Conditioning ◽  
Plyometric Training ◽  
Change Of Direction ◽  
Approach Distance ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Improved Performance

The purpose of this study was to compare how 6 weeks of strength- vs. plyometric training, which were matched upon direction of motion and workload, influences change of direction (COD) performance. Twenty-one experienced male soccer players (age: 22.2 ± 2.7) were pair-matched into a strength- (n = 10) and a plyometric (n = 11) training group. CODs of 45°, 90°, 135° and 180° performed from either a 4 m or 20 m approach distance were compared before and after intervention. Results showed no significant difference between groups. Significant effects were only found within the plyometric training group (−3.2% to −4.6%) in 90°, 135° and 180° CODs from 4 m and a 180° COD from a 20 m approach distance. Individual changes in COD performances showed that with the 4 m approach at least 55% and 81% of the strength and plyometric training group, respectively, improved COD performance, while with the 20 m approach at least 66% of both groups improved performance. This study showed that the plyometric training program can improve most CODs, with angles over 90°, although this is dependent on the distance approaching the COD. Considering the limited time of implementing physical conditioning, in addition to regular soccer practice in most soccer environments, the current plyometric training program can be advantageous in improving CODs at maximal intensity.

scholarly journals Correlação entre percepção subjetiva do esforço e fadiga neuromuscular dos membros inferiores em atletas de futebol

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
Caique Lopes Müeller ◽  
Pedro Sotero da Cunha Neto ◽  
Eloir Junior da Silva Dos Santos ◽  
Alexandre Oliveira ◽  
Rosimeide Francisco dos Santos Legnani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Jump Test ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Statistical Program ◽  
The Difference

OBJETIVO: Determinar a correlação entre a percepção subjetiva do esforço (PSE) e a fadiga neuromuscular dos membros inferiores por meio de saltos mensurados no pré e pós treino em atletas de futebol.MÉTODOS: Quatorze atletas de futebol (sub 17) foram monitorados ao longo de quatro sessões de treinamento. Com as seguintes características: estatura (173±6,81cm), peso (64,43±5,80kg) e percentual de gordura (14,74±3,11). A PSE foi monitorada por meio do aplicativo e-trimp, 15 minutos após o final de cada sessão de treinamento. Os saltos foram avaliados por meio da plataforma de salto Jump System Pro, 10 minutos, antes e depois das sessões de treinamento. Os dados foram analisados no programa estatístico SPSS por meio da estatística descritiva e correlação de Spearman.RESULTADOS: A correlação entre a PSE e a diferença da potência relativa do salto vertical (pré/pós treino) foi fraca para todas as sessões. As sessões 1 e 4 apresentaram correlação negativa (r=-0,184, p=0,530; r=-0,159, p=0,587). As sessões 2 e 3 apresentaram correlação positiva (r=0,010, p=0,973; r=0,373, p=0,188), respectivamente.CONCLUSÃO: Não foram observadas correlações estatisticamente significativas entre a PSE e a potência relativa de salto nos atletas avaliados.ABSTRACT. The correlation between the rating of perceived exertion and neuromuscular fatigue on the lower body in soccer athletes.OBJECTIVE: Define the correlation between the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and the power of the lower limbs before and after training in soccer athletes.METHODS: Were monitored 14 soccer athletes (under 17 years old) over four training sessions. With the following characteristics: height (173±6.81cm), weight (64.43±5.80kg) and fat percentage (14.74±3.11). RPE was monitored through the e-trimp app, 15 minutes after the end of each training session. Jumps were evaluated through the Jump System Pro jumping platform, 10 minutes before and after the training sessions. Data was analyzed in the SPSS statistical program using descriptive statistics and Spearman correlation.RESULTS: The correlation between the RPE and the difference of the relative power of the vertical jump test (pre/post training) was weak for all the sessions. Sessions 1 and 4 presented a negative correlation (r=-0.184, p=0.530; r=-0.159, p=0.587). Sessions 2 and 3 showed a positive correlation (r=0.010, p=0.973; r=0.373, p=0.188), respectively.CONCLUSION: There were no statistically significant correlations between the RPE and the relative jumping power in the evaluated athletes.

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