Hostage Survival Skills: International Incidents

Orangutans depend on social learning for the acquisition of survival skills. The development of skills is not usually assessed in rescued orphans’ pre-release. We collected data of seven orphans over an 18-months-period to monitor the progress of ontogenetic changes. The orphans, 1.5–9 years old, were immersed in a natural forest environment with human surrogate mothers and other orphans. Social interactions deviated significantly from those of wild mother-reared immatures. Infants spent more time playing socially with peers, at the expense of resting and solitary play. Infants were also more often and at an earlier age distant from their human surrogate mothers than wild immatures are from their biological mothers. We found important changes towards an orangutan-typical lifestyle in 4- to 7-year-old orphans, corresponding to the weaning age in maternally reared immatures. The older orphans spent less time interacting with human surrogate mothers or peers, started to use the canopy more than lower forest strata and began to sleep in nests in the forest. Their time budgets resembled those of wild adults. In conclusion, juvenile orphans can develop capacities that qualify them as candidates for release back into natural habitat when protected from humanising influences and immersed in a species-typical environment.

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International Incidents: The Law That Counts in World Politics. Edited by W. Michael Reisman and Andrew R. Willard. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1988. Pp xii, 278. Index. $35, cloth; $12.95, paper.

The American Journal of International Law ◽

10.2307/2202759 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 83 (2) ◽

pp. 403-406

Author(s):

Francis A. Boyle

Keyword(s):

World Politics ◽

Princeton University ◽

The Law ◽

International Incidents

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Survival Skills: Becoming More Assertive as Art Therapists

Art Therapy ◽

10.1080/07421656.1997.10759255 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 54-57

Author(s):

Kathy D. Hrenko

Keyword(s):

Art Therapists ◽

Survival Skills

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Survival Skills Publication Offers CE Credit

Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services ◽

10.3928/0279-3695-19920101-20 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 44-44

Author(s):

Anonymous

Keyword(s):

Survival Skills

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Changing Concepts and the Doctrine of Incorporation

The American Journal of International Law ◽

10.2307/2189346 ◽

1932 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 239-260 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Edwin D. Dickinson

Keyword(s):

Judicial Decisions ◽

Law Of Nations ◽

The Law ◽

Made In ◽

International Incidents

The student or practitioner whose interest is primarily in the interpretation and application of the law of nations is often prone to dismiss fundamental concepts as a matter of mere theoretical importance. This is a serious mistake. No one is capable of understanding the interpretations and applications of the law of nations which have been made in judicial decisions, national and international, in arbitrations, and in international incidents, unless he has some knowledge of the fundamental concepts of the science and of the conditions under which those concepts have developed. Concepts, in truth, are as much a part of the fabric of international jurisprudence as the intricate and confused records of international conduct. If they are no longer its warp and woof, they provide at least the necessary patterns.

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