An exploration of somatic Response patterns: Stimulus and sex differences.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the response patterns of men and women to suprathreshold lingual-vibrotactile and auditory stimulation. The psychophysical methods of magnitude estimation and cross-modal matching were used on a group of 10 men ( M age = 19.6 yr.) and 10 women ( M age = 20.2 yr.). Analysis showed that the men and women performed differently on the magnitude-estimation tasks and similarly on the cross-modal matching tasks. These results suggested that sex differences on suprathreshold psychophysical scaling may be related to the way men and women use numbers as opposed to possible differences in the perception of suprathreshold sensory stimuli by men and women.

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Effect of ozone exposure and infection on bronchoalveolar lavage: Sex differences in response patterns

Toxicology Letters ◽

10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.04.008 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 230 (2) ◽

pp. 333-344 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Anatoly N. Mikerov ◽

David S. Phelps ◽

Xiaozhuang Gan ◽

Todd M. Umstead ◽

Rizwanul Haque ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sex Differences ◽

Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽

Ozone Exposure ◽

Response Patterns

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Attend or defend? Sex differences in behavioral, autonomic, and respiratory response patterns to emotion–eliciting films

Biological Psychology ◽

10.1016/j.biopsycho.2017.10.006 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 130 ◽

pp. 30-40 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Frank H. Wilhelm ◽

Julina A. Rattel ◽

Melanie Wegerer ◽

Michael Liedlgruber ◽

Simon Schweighofer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sex Differences ◽

Response Patterns ◽

Respiratory Response

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Sex differences in the reciprocal behaviour of children with autism

Autism ◽

10.1177/1362361316669622 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 21 (6) ◽

pp. 795-803 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Tineke Backer van Ommeren ◽

Hans M Koot ◽

Anke M Scheeren ◽

Sander Begeer

Keyword(s):

Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽

Sex Differences ◽

Children With Autism ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Spectrum Disorder ◽

Specific Response ◽

Response Patterns ◽

Typically Developing ◽

Social Emotional ◽

Typically Developing Children

Differences in the social limitations of girls compared to boys on the autism spectrum are still poorly understood. Impaired social-emotional reciprocity is a core diagnostic criterion for an autism spectrum disorder. This study compares sex differences in reciprocal behaviour in children with autism spectrum disorder (32 girls, 114 boys) and in typically developing children (24 girls, 55 boys). While children with autism spectrum disorder showed clear limitations in reciprocal behaviour compared to typically developing children, sex differences were found only in the autism spectrum disorder group: girls with autism spectrum disorder had higher reciprocity scores than boys with autism spectrum disorder. However, compared to typically developing girls, girls with autism spectrum disorder showed subtle differences in reciprocal behaviour. The sex-specific response patterns in autism spectrum disorder can inform and improve the diagnostic assessment of autism in females.

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Some Effects of Reward on the Strength of Position Stereotypes in the White Rat

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology ◽

10.1080/17470215208416606 ◽

1952 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 78-86 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

F. Knöpeelmacher

Keyword(s):

Sex Differences ◽

Present Experiment ◽

The Other ◽

Special Treatment ◽

Problem Situation ◽

Response Patterns ◽

White Rats ◽

Other Hand ◽

Soluble Problem

Certain aspects of Maier's hypothesis that rigid behaviour stereotypes elicited in an insoluble problem situation are not explicable in terms of goal-motivated learning were tested thus: Forty-one white rats of Wistar stock were exposed to an insoluble problem in a water discrimination unit. Each of the twenty-four animals who formed position stereotypes was assigned to one of four groups. One of these groups served as a control and received no special treatment. Each of the remaining three experimental groups was given a different number of successively rewarded trials to the side of the stereotype. Finally, all groups were presented with a soluble problem, and the strengths of the stereotypes in each group observed in terms of the breaking of the stereotypes. It was found that the strength of the stereotype behaviour was directly proportional to the number of rewarded trials. None of the stereotypes was sufficiently rigid to meet Maier's criterion of “fixated” response patterns. More stereotypes were formed by males than females. On the other hand no sex differences appeared in the subsequent behaviour of animals who did form stereotypes. These results are interpreted as showing that stereotyped responses formed under conditions of the present experiment are not qualitatively different from learned responses.

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