scholarly journals The feasibility of automated eye tracking with the Early Childhood Vigilance Test of attention in younger HIV-exposed Ugandan children.

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 525-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Boivin ◽  
Jonathan Weiss ◽  
Ronak Chhaya ◽  
Victoria Seffren ◽  
Jorem Awadu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Vigilance Test ◽  
Hiv Exposed

Early Childhood Vigilance Test (ECVT) of attention in younger HIV-exposed Ugandan children predicts Tests of Variables of Attention (TOVA) at school age.

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Itziar Familiar ◽  
Alla Sikorskii ◽  
Ronak Chhaya ◽  
Jonathan Weiss ◽  
Victoria Seffren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
School Age ◽  
Vigilance Test ◽  
Hiv Exposed

scholarly journals Quantitative Analysis of Eye Movements during Singing of Early Childhood Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 95-112
Author(s):  
Mina Sano
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Statistical Technique ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Effective Parameters

Early childhood children tend to make musical expressions watching other children or the teacher’s piano accompaniment. However, it has not been inspected yet how eye movement is affected by music. To provide the optimized procedure to capture eye movement’s characteristics reflecting music, the statistical technique was used to evaluate effective parameters. In this study, eye trackers (Tobii Glasses 2) were used to acquire data of eye movements during musical expression of early childhood children and to conduct quantitative analysis. 3-year-old, 4-year-old, and 5- year-old children in two early childhood facilities (n=58) participated in eye-tracking while singing multiple songs of major and minor. This paper focuses on saccade (rapid eye movement) and gaze behaviors of early childhood children and mainly conducts, a three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) on the acquired data (age * facility*tonality). As a result, it was found that the number of occurrences of saccade and the total moving distances of saccade showed a statistical significance between means regarding differences in the tonality of major/minor key of songs, and childcare forms.

scholarly journals Increased Morbidity in Early Childhood Among HIV-exposed Uninfected Children in Uganda is Associated with Breastfeeding Duration

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 434-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Marquez ◽  
J. Okiring ◽  
G. Chamie ◽  
T. D. Ruel ◽  
J. Achan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Breastfeeding Duration ◽  
Hiv Exposed ◽  
Exposed Uninfected

Development of basic intuitions about physical support during early childhood: Evidence from a novel eye-tracking paradigm

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (9) ◽  
pp. 1988-2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Horst Krist ◽  
Caroline Atlas ◽  
Henrike Fischer ◽  
Claudia Wiese
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Weight Distribution ◽  
Considerable Improvement ◽  
Video Sequences ◽  
Critical Test ◽  
Physical Support

Using a novel eye-tracking paradigm, we assessed the development of 2- to 6-year-old children’s intuitions about the physical support of symmetrical and asymmetrical objects in two experiments (Experiment 1: N = 98; Experiment 2: N = 288). Children were presented with video sequences demonstrating how two identical blocks were lowered onto a platform before being released simultaneously. In the critical test trials, both blocks remained in place although only one of them was sufficiently supported. As expected, children tended to look longer at the block, which should have fallen. Taken together, the results indicate that even 2-year-old children are sensitive to the amount of contact between symmetrical blocks and a supporting platform and even anticipate which block is going to fall. Nonetheless, we found a considerable improvement with age in this respect. Two-year-olds did not consider an object’s weight distribution reliably when assessing its stability and even older preschoolers performed much more poorly with asymmetrical than symmetrical blocks. We conclude that intuitions about support are still weak and limited in toddlers and that they improve considerably during early childhood.

Early Childhood Development Caregiver Training and Neurocognition of HIV-Exposed Ugandan Siblings

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Boivin ◽  
Jura L. Augustinavicius ◽  
Itziar Familiar-Lopez ◽  
Sarah M. Murray ◽  
Alla Sikorskii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Development ◽  
Childhood Development ◽  
Caregiver Training ◽  
Hiv Exposed

scholarly journals The feasibility of an automated eye-tracking-modified Fagan test of memory for human faces in younger Ugandan HIV-exposed children

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 686-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronak Chhaya ◽  
Jonathan Weiss ◽  
Victoria Seffren ◽  
Alla Sikorskii ◽  
Paula M. Winke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Hiv Exposed ◽  
Human Faces

scholarly journals Quantitative Analysis of Eye Movements during Singing of Early Childhood Children

2021 ◽  
pp. 125-140
Author(s):  
Mina Sano
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Statistical Technique ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Effective Parameters

Early childhood children tend to make musical expressions watching other children or the teacher’s piano accompaniment. However, it has not been inspected yet how eye movement is affected by music. To provide the optimized procedure to capture eye movement’s characteristics reflecting music, the statistical technique was used to evaluate effective parameters. In this study, eye trackers (Tobii Glasses 2) were used to acquire data of eye movements during musical expression of early childhood children and to conduct quantitative analysis. 3-year-old, 4-year-old, and 5-year-old children in two early childhood facilities (n=58) participated in eye-tracking while singing multiple songs of major and minor. This paper focuses on saccade (rapid eye movement) and gaze behaviors of early childhood children and mainly conducts, a three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) on the acquired data (age * facility*tonality). As a result, it was found that the number of occurrences of saccade and the total moving distances of saccade showed a statistical significance between means regarding differences in the tonality of major/minor key of songs, and childcare forms.

scholarly journals Early childhood preservice teachers’ debugging block-based programs: An eye tracking study

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Vasconcelos ◽  
Ismahan Arslan-Ari ◽  
Fatih Ari
Keyword(s):  
Preservice Teachers ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Programming Languages ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Cognitive Strategies ◽  
Movement Analysis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Block Based ◽  
K 12

Learning computational skills such as programming and debugging is very important for K-12 students given the increasing need of workforce proficient in computing technologies. Programming is an intricate cognitive task that entails iteratively creating and revising programs to create an artifact. Central to programming is debugging, which consists of systematically identifying and fixing program errors. Given its central role, debugging should be explicitly taught to early childhood preservice teachers so they can support their future students’ learning to program and debug errors. In this study, we propose using eye-tracking data and cued retrospective reporting to assess preservice teachers’ cognitive strategies while debugging. Several eye-tracking studies have investigated learners’ debugging strategies though the literature lacks studies (a) conducted with early childhood preservice teachers and (b) that focus on block-based programming languages, such as Scratch. The present study addresses this gap in the literature. This study used mixed methods to triangulate quantitative findings from eye movement analysis and qualitative findings about employed debugging strategies into the creation of descriptive themes. Results showed that participants developed strategies such as simultaneous review of output and code, use of beacons to narrow down the area to be debugged, and eye fixation on output to form hypotheses. But most often, debugging was not informed by a hypothesis, which led to trial and error. Study limitations and directions for future research are discussed. 

scholarly journals Early Childhood Development in Children Born to HIV-Infected Mothers: Perspectives From Kenyan Clinical Providers and Caregivers

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 2333794X1881179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan S. McHenry ◽  
Eren Oyungu ◽  
Carole I. McAteer ◽  
Ananda R. Ombitsa ◽  
Erika R. Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Development ◽  
Hiv Treatment ◽  
Childhood Development ◽  
Physical Growth ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Semistructured Interviews ◽  
Hiv Exposed

Objective. To understand the perspectives of clinical providers and caregivers regarding early childhood development (ECD) in children born to HIV-infected mothers in Kenya. Methods. This was a qualitative study of provider and caregiver perspectives on ECD at 5 Kenyan HIV clinics, using semistructured interviews and focus group discussions. Constant comparison and triangulation methods were employed to elucidate the concepts of ECD. Results. Twenty-five providers and 67 caregivers participated. While providers understood ECD in terms of milestones, caregivers strongly equated ECD with physical growth. Factors affecting ECD, such as nutrition, perinatal effects, and illness, were perceived differently by providers and caregivers. Both groups generally believed that HIV-infected children would have typical ECD if adherent to their HIV treatment. Conclusions. Important considerations regarding ECD in this population were uncovered. Understanding provider and caregiver perspectives’ on ECD in HIV-exposed children is critical for promoting ECD in this community.

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