Nuclear Transplantation in Xenopus laevis

Nature ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 181 (4606) ◽  
pp. 424-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. FISCHBERG ◽  
J. B. GURDON ◽  
T. R. ELSDALE
Keyword(s):  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Nuclear Transplantation

Ploidy, pigment patterns and species specific antigenicity in interspecific nuclear transplantations in newts

Development ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-330
Author(s):  
F. Sládeček ◽  
A. Romanovský
Keyword(s):  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Functional Activity ◽  
Nuclear Transplantation ◽  
Skin Grafts ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Transplantation Antigens ◽  
Transplantation Experiments ◽  
Pigment Patterns

It was shown by Simnett (1964) that in Xenopus laevis skin grafts in adult frogs between members of the same nuclear clone were tolerated in the same way as autografts, but in skin grafts made between individuals belonging to different nuclear clones a homograft rejection occurred. The nucleus is therefore responsible for the synthesis of specific transplantation antigens. It seemed to us useful to investigate the species-specific antigenicity of animals derived from eggs transplanted with foreign nuclei in correlation with their ploidy and with the development of their species-specific pigment patterns, as a proof of functional activity of transplanted nuclei. For this purpose we used two species of Triturus, T. vulgaris and T. alpestris, because of earlier studies carried out in our laboratory on the pigmentation of their hybrids (Romanovský & Ŝtefanová, 960; Mazáková-Štefanová, 1965) and on their species-specific antigenicity (Romanovský, 1962 a, b), in spite of the known difficulties and limitations of nuclear transplantation experiments in these species (Lehman, 1955; Sládeček & Mazáková-Štefanová, 1964, 1965).

Factors Responsible for the Abnormal Development of Embryos Obtained by Nuclear Transplantation in Xenopus laevis

Development ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-340
Author(s):  
J. B. Gurdon
Keyword(s):  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Nuclear Transplantation ◽  
Abnormal Development ◽  
Donor Nucleus ◽  
Innate Capacity

In Xenopus the embryos derived from nuclear transplantation often develop abnormally. These abnormalities must be due to the limited potentiality for development of either the donor nucleus or the egg cytoplasm; this limited potentiality will in turn be due to technical damage during transplantation or to the innate condition of the nucleus or cytoplasm before the experiment. The extent to which these technical and innate factors are responsible for abnormalities of transplant-embryo development has been analysed by considering the effect of each factor in turn. Nuclei from early donor stages have been used, since these nuclei are believed to be undifferentiated (see p. 338) and therefore to have the innate capacity for entirely normal development. The effects of other factors have been investigated by experiments in which each factor is varied in different ways. Any correlation between variations in one factor and the resulting proportion of abnormal transplant-embryos is then recorded.

Nuclear transplantation from intestinal epithelial cells of early and late Xenopus laevis tadpoles

Development ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-174
Author(s):  
J. A. Marshall ◽  
K. E. Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Small Proportion ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Intermediate Stage ◽  
Nuclear Transplantation ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Developmental Potential

The aim of these experiments was to test whether the developmental potential of nuclei from intestinal epithelial cells of Xenopus laevis tadpoles declined during the life of the functional larval gut. The results of transplantation of nuclei from three different stages of development were compared: stages 46–48, when feeding begins and while yolk is still present but before the formation of the typhlosole; stage 57, just prior to the onset of metamorphic reorganization; and stage 54, an intermediate stage. The results showed that there was no change in developmental potential of these nuclei during the life of the larval gut, thereby disproving the hypothesis that nuclear transplants from intestinal epithelial cells of early tadpoles of X. laevis will support extensive development because the cells are not fully functional. However, nuclei from the intestinal epithelial cells were less able to support development than blastula nuclei. It was concluded therefore, that the developmental potential of the gut nuclei is restricted relative to that of the blastula nuclei, but that these restrictions are reversed in a small proportion of cases.

Generation of Transgenic Xenopus laevis: III. Sperm Nuclear Transplantation

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 (18) ◽  
pp. pdb.prot4840-pdb.prot4840 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ishibashi ◽  
K. L. Kroll ◽  
E. Amaya
Keyword(s):  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Nuclear Transplantation

scholarly journals The Developmental Capacity of Nuclei Taken from Differentiating Endoderm Cells of Xenopus laevis

Development ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 505-526
Author(s):  
J. B. Gurdon
Keyword(s):  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Rana Pipiens ◽  
Nuclear Transplantation ◽  
Blastula Stage ◽  
Developmental Capacity ◽  
Nuclear Changes ◽  
Nuclear Differentiation ◽  
Development Proceeds ◽  
Transplantation Experiments ◽  
Different Parts

An important question concerning embryonic differentiation is whether the nuclei of somatic cells in different parts of an embryo come to differ genetically from each other during development. It has become possible to investigate this matter since King & Briggs (1955) have shown that nuclear transplantation is a satisfactory technique for testing the developmental potentialities of embryonic nuclei. These authors (1957, 1960) have used Rana pipiens for transplantation experiments with endoderm nuclei, and have found that these nuclei become progressively limited in their developmental capacity after the late blastula stage. This paper describes some similar experiments carried out with endoderm nuclei of Xenopus laevis. The general conclusion that nuclei change as development proceeds is confirmed; there are, however, considerable differences between Rana and Xenopus in the rate and time of onset of nuclear changes. These differences make it easier to understand the significance of nuclear differentiation during embryonic development.

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