scholarly journals Selective effects of the genetic background and ethanol on the alcohol dehydrogenase polymorphism in Drosophila melanogaster

Heredity ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
J G Oakeshott ◽  
J B Gibson ◽  
S R Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Selective Effects

scholarly journals Alcohol dehydrogenase activity in Drosophila melanogaster: a quantitative character

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Structural Gene ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Quantitative Character ◽  
Alcohol Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Activity Modifiers ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Adh Activity

SUMMARYAlcohol dehydrogenase activity in Drosophila melanogaster may be considered as a quantitative character, since it shows many features typically associated with such traits. Although strains with the electrophoretically fast phenotype generally have activities greater than those with the slow phenotype, presumably reflecting differences in the nucleotide sequences of the structural alleles, within each electrophoretic class there is considerable variation in activity. The expression of the structural gene, in terms of ADH activity, is to some extent regulated by its genetic background. Strains homozygous for particular structural alleles respond to divergent directional selection for ADH activity. Modifiers have been located to the X, second and third chromosomes.

scholarly journals Variation in the Direction of Selection Applied by Pentenol to the Alcohol Dehydrogenase Locus in Drosophila melanogaster

1977 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 259 ◽  
Author(s):  
JG Oakeshott
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Null Allele ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
The Other ◽  
Laboratory Population ◽  
Alcohol Dehydrogenases ◽  
Alcohol Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Active Alcohol ◽  
Selective Effects

This paper describes selective effects of pentenol-impregnated media on six genotypes at the alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh) locus in D. melanogaster. In the laboratory population studied, developmental times of pre-adults homozygous for an alcohol dehydrogenase 'null' allele increased with increasing pentenol concentrations. The developmental times of the other five genotypes, which produced active alcohol dehydrogenases, increased slightly at pentenol concentrations up to 0�0033%, but above this concentration they decreased markedly. In fact on 0�067% pentenol, the highest concentration tested, developmental times of these five genotypes were between 9 and 24 h less than their developmental times on media lacking penteno!. The magnitude of the reduction in developmental time differed significantly between genotypes and was positively correlated with alcohol dehydrogenase activity.

scholarly journals Variation in activity and thermostability of alcohol dehydrogenase in Drosophila melanogaster

1981 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. McKay
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Spectrophotometric Assay ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Ecological Sites ◽  
Enzyme Loci ◽  
Adh Activity

SUMMARYThe activity and thermostability of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) from 247 strains of Drosophila melanogaster were studied by spectrophotometric assay. The strains, in which second chromosomes had been made homozygous in a standard genetic background, were derived from five natural populations from diverse geographical and ecological sites. Evidence is presented that the majority of variation in ADH activity is attributable to the presence, in all five populations, of two electromorphs of the enzyme. However, some variation does exist between strains carrying the same electromorph, to some extent associated with variation hi body weight. Two strains showed atypical ADH activities. Variation in ADH thermostability was almost wholly attributable to the presence of two electromorphs; only two strains had enzymes with thermostabilities atypical of their electromorph. In the four strains with abnormal ADH properties the locus (loci) responsible map in the region of the Adh locus. Therelatively low level of heterogeneity within electrophoretic classes at this locus is discussed in view of recent findings at other enzyme loci in Drosophila.

scholarly journals The Alcohol Dehydrogenase Gene Is Nested in the outspread Locus of Drosophila melanogaster

Genetics ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 143 (2) ◽  
pp. 897-911 ◽  
Author(s):  
S McNabb ◽  
S Greig ◽  
T Davis
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Transcription Unit ◽  
Adjacent Gene ◽  
Dehydrogenase Gene ◽  
Chromosomal Breakpoints ◽  
Splicing Patterns ◽  
Somatic Musculature

Abstract This report describes the structure and expression of the outspread (osp) gene of Drosophila melanogaster. Previous work showed that chromosomal breakpoints associated with mutations of the osp locus map to both sides of the alcohol dehydrogenase gene (Adh), suggesting that Adh and the adjacent gene Adh' are nested in osp. We extended a chromosomal walk and mapped additional osp mutations to define the maximum molecular limit of osp as 119 kb. We identified a 6-kb transcript that hybridizes to osp region DNA and is altered or absent in osp mutants. Accumulation of this RNA peaks during embryonic and pupal periods. The osp cDNAs comprise two distinct classes based on alternative splicing patterns. The 5′ end of the longest cDNA was extended by PCR amplification. When hybridized to the osp walk, the 5′ extension verifies that Adh and Adh' are nested in osp and shows that osp has a transcription unit of ≥74 kb. In situ hybridization shows that osp is expressed both maternally and zygotically. In the ovary, osp is transcribed in nurse cells and localized in the oocyte. In embryos, expression is most abundant in the developing visceral and somatic musculature.

scholarly journals GENETIC AND BIOCHEMICAL BASIS OF ENZYME ACTIVITY VARIATION IN NATURAL POPULATIONS. I. ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Genetics ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-388
Author(s):  
John F McDonald ◽  
Francisco J Ayala
Keyword(s):  
Gene Regulation ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Difficult Problem ◽  
Regulatory Genes ◽  
Biochemical Basis ◽  
Evolutionary Consequence ◽  
The Third ◽  
Adh Activity

ABSTRACT Recent studies by various authors suggest that variation in gene regulation may be common in nature, and might be of great evolutionary consequence; but the ascertainment of variation in gene regulation has proven to be a difficult problem. In this study, we explore this problem by measuring alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity in Drosophila melanogaster strains homozygous for various combinations of given second and third chromosomes sampled from a natural population. The structural locus (Adh) coding for ADH is on the second chromosome. The results show that: (1) there are genes, other than Adh, that affect the levels of ADH activity; (2) at least some of these "regulatory" genes are located on the third chromosome, and thus are not adjacent to the Adh locus; (3) variation exists in natural populations for such regulatory genes; (4) the effect of these regulatory genes varies as they interact with different second chromosomes; (5) third chromosomes with high-activity genes are either partially or completely dominant over chromosomes with low-activity genes; (6) the effects of the regulatory genes are pervasive throughout development; and (7) the third chromosome genes regulate the levels of ADH activity by affecting the number of ADH molecules in the flies. The results are consistent with the view that the evolution of regulatory genes may play an important role in adaptation.

Environmental factors affecting the quantity of alcohol dehydrogenase in Drosophila melanogaster

Nature ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 280 (5722) ◽  
pp. 517-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
BRYAN CLARKE ◽  
ROBERT G. CAMFIELD ◽  
ALISON M. GALVIN ◽  
CHRISTOPHER R. PITTS
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Factors Affecting

Properties of genetically polymorphic isozymes of alcohol dehydrogenase in Drosophila melanogaster

1974 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas H. Day ◽  
P. C. Hillier ◽  
Bryan Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Alcohol Dehydrogenase

scholarly journals Selection for Ethanol Tolerance in Two Populations of Drosophila Melanogaster Segregating Alcohol Dehydrogenase Allozymes

1979 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 387 ◽  
Author(s):  
John B Gibson ◽  
NigeI Lewis ◽  
MichaeI Adena ◽  
Susan R Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Ethanol Tolerance ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Two Populations

Selection for ethanol tolerance was equally successful in two populations of D. melanogaster in both of which the frequency of AdhF was 0�5 at the start of the experiment.

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