scholarly journals Measurement of Human Cerebral Blood Flow with [15O]Butanol and Positron Emission Tomography

1991 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 707-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc S. Berridge ◽  
Lee P. Adler ◽  
A. Dennis Nelson ◽  
Emily H. Cassidy ◽  
Raymond F. Muzic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Regional Analysis ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Flow Measurements ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Permeability Surface ◽  
Area Product ◽  
Significant Underestimation ◽  
Good Agreement

Although H215O is widely used for CBF measurement by positron tomography, it underestimates CBF, especially at elevated flow rates. Several tracers, including butanol, overcome this problem, but the short half-life of 15O provides advantages that cause water to remain the tracer of choice. We report the first use and evaluation of 15O–labeled butanol for CBF measurement. Flow measurements made in a similar fashion with water and butanol at 10-min intervals were compared in normal volunteers under resting and hypercapnic conditions. Regional analysis showed good agreement between the tracers at low flows, and significant underestimation of flow by water relative to butanol in regions of elevated flow. The observed relationship between the tracers and the curve-fitted permeability-surface area product for water (133 ml · 100 g−1 · min−1) follow the known relationship between water and true flow. These observations indicate that [15O]-butanol provided accurate measurements of human regional CBF under conditions of elevated perfusion. We conclude that butanol is a convenient and accurate method for routine CBF determination by positron emission tomography.

Continuous thermodilution to assess absolute flow and microvascular resistance: validation in humans using [15O]H2O positron emission tomography

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (28) ◽  
pp. 2350-2359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henk Everaars ◽  
Guus A de Waard ◽  
Stefan P Schumacher ◽  
Frederik M Zimmermann ◽  
Michiel J Bom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Coronary Flow ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Flow Measurements ◽  
Left Circumflex Artery ◽  
Intracoronary Infusion ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Absolute Flow ◽  
Microvascular Resistance ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract Aims Continuous thermodilution is a novel technique to quantify absolute coronary flow and microvascular resistance (MVR). Notably, intracoronary infusion of saline elicits maximal hyperaemia, obviating the need for adenosine. The primary aim of this study was to validate continuous thermodilution in humans by comparing invasive measurements to [15O]H2O positron emission tomography (PET). As a secondary goal, absolute flow and MVR were compared between invasive measurements obtained with and without adenosine. Methods and results Twenty-five patients underwent coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA), [15O]H2O PET, and invasive assessment. Absolute coronary flow and MVR were measured in the left anterior descending and left circumflex artery using a dedicated infusion catheter and a temperature/pressure sensor-tipped guidewire. Invasive measurements were performed with and without adenosine. In order to compare invasive flow measurements with PET perfusion, subtending myocardial mass of the investigated vessels was derived from CCTA using the Voronoi algorithm. Invasive and non-invasive measurements of adenosine-induced hyperaemic flow and MVR showed strong correlation (r = 0.91; P < 0.001 for flow and r = 0.85; P < 0.001 for MVR) and good agreement [intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.90; P < 0.001 for flow and ICC = 0.79; P < 0.001 for MVR]. Absolute flow and MVR also correlated well between measurements with and without adenosine (r = 0.97; P < 0.001 for flow and r = 0.98; P < 0.001 for MVR) and showed good agreement (ICC = 0.96; P < 0.001 for flow and ICC = 0.98; P < 0.001 for MVR). Conclusions Continuous thermodilution is an accurate method to measure absolute coronary flow and MVR, which is evidenced by strong agreement with [15O]H2O PET derived flow and resistance. Absolute flow and MVR correlate highly between invasive measurements obtained with and without adenosine, which confirms that intracoronary infusion of room temperature saline elicits steady-state maximal hyperaemia.

scholarly journals Comparison of cerebral blood flow measurement with [15O]-water positron emission tomography and arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging: A systematic review

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 842-861 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey P Fan ◽  
Hesamoddin Jahanian ◽  
Samantha J Holdsworth ◽  
Greg Zaharchuk
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Arterial Spin Labeling ◽  
Brain Perfusion ◽  
Spin Labeling ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Flow Measurements ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Positron Emission

Noninvasive imaging of cerebral blood flow provides critical information to understand normal brain physiology as well as to identify and manage patients with neurological disorders. To date, the reference standard for cerebral blood flow measurements is considered to be positron emission tomography using injection of the [15O]-water radiotracer. Although [15O]-water has been used to study brain perfusion under normal and pathological conditions, it is not widely used in clinical settings due to the need for an on-site cyclotron, the invasive nature of arterial blood sampling, and experimental complexity. As an alternative, arterial spin labeling is a promising magnetic resonance imaging technique that magnetically labels arterial blood as it flows into the brain to map cerebral blood flow. As arterial spin labeling becomes more widely adopted in research and clinical settings, efforts have sought to standardize the method and validate its cerebral blood flow values against positron emission tomography-based cerebral blood flow measurements. The purpose of this work is to critically review studies that performed both [15O]-water positron emission tomography and arterial spin labeling to measure brain perfusion, with the aim of better understanding the accuracy and reproducibility of arterial spin labeling relative to the positron emission tomography reference standard.

scholarly journals Cerebral Blood Flow Measurements by Magnetic Resonance Imaging Bolus Tracking: Comparison with [15O]H2O Positron Emission Tomography in Humans

1998 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 935-940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leif Østergaard ◽  
Peter Johannsen ◽  
Peter Høst-Poulsen ◽  
Peter Vestergaard-Poulsen ◽  
Helle Asboe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Flow Measurements ◽  
Bolus Tracking ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Blood Flow Measurements

In six young, healthy volunteers, a novel method to determine cerebral blood flow (CBF) using magnetic resonance (MR) bolus tracking was compared with [15O]H2O positron emission tomography (PET). The method yielded parametric CBF images with tissue contrast in good agreement with parametric PET CBF images. Introducing a common conversion factor, MR CBF values could be converted into absolute flow rates, allowing comparison of CBF values among normal subjects.

Estimation of intersubject variability of cerebral blood flow measurements using MRI and positron emission tomography

2012 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 1290-1299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Otto M. Henriksen ◽  
Henrik B.W. Larsson ◽  
Adam E. Hansen ◽  
Julie M. Grüner ◽  
Ian Law ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Intersubject Variability ◽  
Flow Measurements ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Blood Flow Measurements

scholarly journals Measurement of Blood—Brain Barrier Permeability with Positron Emission Tomography and [68Ga]EDTA

1984 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Kessler ◽  
J. C. Goble ◽  
J. H. Bird ◽  
M. E. Girton ◽  
J. L. Doppman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Quantitative Measure ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Blood Brain ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Area Product

Positron emission tomography (PET) was employed to examine time-dependent changes in blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability to [68Ga]ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) in the rhesus monkey, following reversible barrier opening by intracarotid infusion of a hypertonic mannitol solution. The PET technique, when combined with measurements of plasma radioactivity, provided a quantitative measure of the cerebrovascular permeability-area product ( PA) at different times following mannitol infusion. Hypertonic mannitol treatment reversibly increased PA to [68Ga]EDTA more than 10-fold; much of the barrier effect was over by 10 min after mannitol treatment. The results show that PET can be used to measure transient changes in BBB integrity in specific brain regions, under in vivo, noninvasive conditions.

scholarly journals The Precision of Positron Emission Tomography: Theory and Measurement

1991 ◽  
Vol 11 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. A26-A30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathaniel M. Alpert ◽  
W. Craig Barker ◽  
Andrew Gelman ◽  
Stephen Weise ◽  
Michio Senda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Monte Carlo Method ◽  
Random Error ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Statistical Error ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Flow Measurements ◽  
Positron Emission

The limits of quantitation with positron emission tomography (PET) are examined with respect to the noise propagation resulting from radioactive decay and other sources of random error. Theoretical methods for evaluating the statistical error have been devised but seldom applied to experimental data obtained on human subjects. This paper extends the analysis in several ways: (1) A Monte Carlo method is described for tracking the propagation of statistical error through the analysis of in vivo measurements; (2) Experimental data, obtained in phantoms, validating the Monte Carlo method and other methods are presented; (3) A difference in activation paradigm, performed on regional CBF (rCBF) data from five human subjects, was analyzed on 1.6-cm diameter regions of interest to determine the mean fractional statistical error in PET tissue concentration and in rCBF before and after stereotactic transformation; and (4) A linear statistical model and calculations of the various statistical errors were used to estimate the magnitude of the subject-specific fluctuations under various conditions. In this specific example, the root mean squared (RMS) noise in flow measurements was about three times higher than the RMS noise in the concentration measurements. In addition, the total random error was almost equally partitioned between statistical error and random fluctuations due to all other sources.

scholarly journals A Highly Accurate Method of Localizing Regions of Neuronal Activation in the Human Brain with Positron Emission Tomography

1989 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Mintun ◽  
Peter T. Fox ◽  
Marcus E. Raichle
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Functional Region ◽  
Functional Brain Mapping ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Analysis Technique

Functional mapping of the human brain with positron emission tomography (PET) can best be performed by obtaining multiple short measurements of cerebral blood flow in a single sitting. In this manner regional changes in blood flow accompanying the increased neuronal activity from a movement, sensation, or even cognition task, have been identified. However, localizing a functional region with PET has been severely limited by the poor resolving properties of PET devices. Using a new method of data analysis we recently reported the mapping of visual field stimuli on human visual cortex with surprisingly high reliability as measured by the low standard deviation in positions across different subjects (as low as 1 mm). In this work the analysis technique enabling such high-resolution functional brain mapping is fully described. Additionally, simulations are presented to illustrate its advantages and limitations.

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