scholarly journals Organization of high-level visual cortex in human infants

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Deen ◽  
Hilary Richardson ◽  
Daniel D. Dilks ◽  
Atsushi Takahashi ◽  
Boris Keil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Human Infants ◽  
High Level

scholarly journals Temporal Processing Capacity in High-Level Visual Cortex Is Domain Specific

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (36) ◽  
pp. 12412-12424 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Stigliani ◽  
K. S. Weiner ◽  
K. Grill-Spector
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Temporal Processing ◽  
Processing Capacity ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
High Level

scholarly journals Visual search for object categories is predicted by the representational architecture of high-level visual cortex

2017 ◽  
Vol 117 (1) ◽  
pp. 388-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Cohen ◽  
George A. Alvarez ◽  
Ken Nakayama ◽  
Talia Konkle
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Visual Search ◽  
Visual System ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Search Task ◽  
Visual Search Task ◽  
Visual Object ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Object Categories ◽  
High Level

Visual search is a ubiquitous visual behavior, and efficient search is essential for survival. Different cognitive models have explained the speed and accuracy of search based either on the dynamics of attention or on similarity of item representations. Here, we examined the extent to which performance on a visual search task can be predicted from the stable representational architecture of the visual system, independent of attentional dynamics. Participants performed a visual search task with 28 conditions reflecting different pairs of categories (e.g., searching for a face among cars, body among hammers, etc.). The time it took participants to find the target item varied as a function of category combination. In a separate group of participants, we measured the neural responses to these object categories when items were presented in isolation. Using representational similarity analysis, we then examined whether the similarity of neural responses across different subdivisions of the visual system had the requisite structure needed to predict visual search performance. Overall, we found strong brain/behavior correlations across most of the higher-level visual system, including both the ventral and dorsal pathways when considering both macroscale sectors as well as smaller mesoscale regions. These results suggest that visual search for real-world object categories is well predicted by the stable, task-independent architecture of the visual system. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Here, we ask which neural regions have neural response patterns that correlate with behavioral performance in a visual processing task. We found that the representational structure across all of high-level visual cortex has the requisite structure to predict behavior. Furthermore, when directly comparing different neural regions, we found that they all had highly similar category-level representational structures. These results point to a ubiquitous and uniform representational structure in high-level visual cortex underlying visual object processing.

scholarly journals Atypical topography of high-level visual cortex is associated with reading difficulty

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 34a
Author(s):  
Emily Kubota ◽  
Jason D Yeatman
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Reading Difficulty ◽  
High Level

scholarly journals Eccentricity drives developmental organization of human high-level visual cortex

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 1149
Author(s):  
Jesse Gomez ◽  
Michael Barnett ◽  
Kalanit Grill-Spector
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
High Level

scholarly journals Rats spontaneously perceive global motion direction of drifting plaids

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulio Matteucci ◽  
Benedetta Zattera ◽  
Rosilari Bellacosa Marotti ◽  
Davide Zoccolan
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Perceived Similarity ◽  
Global Motion ◽  
Motion Direction ◽  
Visual Objects ◽  
Visual Priming ◽  
Priming Paradigm ◽  
High Level ◽  
Mouse Visual Cortex ◽  
Motion Detectors

AbstractComputing global motion direction of extended visual objects is a hallmark of primate high-level vision. Although neurons selective for global motion have also been found in mouse visual cortex, it remains unknown whether rodents can combine multiple motion signals into global, integrated percepts. To address this question, we trained two groups of rats to discriminate either gratings (G group) or plaids (i.e., superpositions of gratings with different orientations; P group) drifting horizontally along opposite directions. After the animals learned the task, we applied a visual priming paradigm, where presentation of the target stimulus was preceded by the brief presentation of either a grating or a plaid. The extent to which rat responses to the targets were biased by such prime stimuli provided a measure of the spontaneous, perceived similarity between primes and targets. We found that gratings and plaids, when uses as primes, were equally effective at biasing the perception of plaid direction for the rats of the P group. Conversely, for G group, only the gratings acted as effective prime stimuli, while the plaids failed to alter the perception of grating direction. To interpret these observations, we simulated a decision neuron reading out the representations of gratings and plaids, as conveyed by populations of either component or pattern cells (i.e., local or global motion detectors). We concluded that the findings for the P group are highly consistent with the existence of a population of pattern cells, playing a functional role similar to that demonstrated in primates. We also explored different scenarios that could explain the failure of the plaid stimuli to elicit a sizable priming magnitude for the G group. These simulations yielded testable predictions about the properties of motion representations in rodent visual cortex at the single-cell and circuitry level, thus paving the way to future neurophysiology experiments.

scholarly journals The Effect of High-Level Illumination on Brain Activity in the Human Visual Cortex

2014 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-91
Author(s):  
Yasuhiro Kawashima ◽  
Hiroyuki Yamashiro ◽  
Hiroki Yamamoto ◽  
Tomokazu Murase ◽  
Yoshikatsu Ichimura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Human Visual Cortex ◽  
High Level

scholarly journals Selectivity in Postencoding Connectivity with High-Level Visual Cortex Is Associated with Reward-Motivated Memory

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 537-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishnu P. Murty ◽  
Alexa Tompary ◽  
R. Alison Adcock ◽  
Lila Davachi
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
High Level

scholarly journals Neural Correlates of Motion-induced Blindness in the Human Brain

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 1235-1243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marieke L. Schölvinck ◽  
Geraint Rees
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Target Location ◽  
Visual Awareness ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Bistable Perception ◽  
Visual Phenomenon ◽  
High Level ◽  
Visual Cortical

Motion-induced blindness (MIB) is a visual phenomenon in which highly salient visual targets spontaneously disappear from visual awareness (and subsequently reappear) when superimposed on a moving background of distracters. Such fluctuations in awareness of the targets, although they remain physically present, provide an ideal paradigm to study the neural correlates of visual awareness. Existing behavioral data on MIB are consistent both with a role for structures early in visual processing and with involvement of high-level visual processes. To further investigate this issue, we used high field functional MRI to investigate signals in human low-level visual cortex and motion-sensitive area V5/MT while participants reported disappearance and reappearance of an MIB target. Surprisingly, perceptual invisibility of the target was coupled to an increase in activity in low-level visual cortex plus area V5/MT compared with when the target was visible. This increase was largest in retinotopic regions representing the target location. One possibility is that our findings result from an active process of completion of the field of distracters that acts locally in the visual cortex, coupled to a more global process that facilitates invisibility in general visual cortex. Our findings show that the earliest anatomical stages of human visual cortical processing are implicated in MIB, as with other forms of bistable perception.

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