scholarly journals Carbon flux through photosynthesis and central carbon metabolism show distinct patterns between algae, C3 and C4 plants

Nature Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haim Treves ◽  
Anika Küken ◽  
Stéphanie Arrivault ◽  
Hirofumi Ishihara ◽  
Ines Hoppe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Lipid Synthesis ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Central Carbon Metabolism ◽  
Amino Acid Synthesis

AbstractPhotosynthesis-related pathways are regarded as a promising avenue for crop improvement. Whilst empirical studies have shown that photosynthetic efficiency is higher in microalgae than in C3 or C4 crops, the underlying reasons remain unclear. Using a tailor-made microfluidics labelling system to supply 13CO2 at steady state, we investigated in vivo labelling kinetics in intermediates of the Calvin Benson cycle and sugar, starch, organic acid and amino acid synthesis pathways, and in protein and lipids, in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Chlorella sorokiniana and Chlorella ohadii, which is the fastest growing green alga on record. We estimated flux patterns in these algae and compared them with published and new data from C3 and C4 plants. Our analyses identify distinct flux patterns supporting faster growth in photosynthetic cells, with some of the algae exhibiting faster ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate regeneration and increased fluxes through the lower glycolysis and anaplerotic pathways towards the tricarboxylic acid cycle, amino acid synthesis and lipid synthesis than in higher plants.

scholarly journals Compartmentalized neurotransmitter and amino acid synthesis in vivo studied by high field MRS

2008 ◽  
Vol 81 ◽  
pp. 43-44
Author(s):  
R. Gruetter ◽  
P. G. Henry ◽  
H. Lei ◽  
I.-Y. Choi
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
High Field ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Amino Acid Synthesis

Intermediate Transport in Aromatic Amino Acid Synthesis of Higher Plants

Planta Medica ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 56 (06) ◽  
pp. 597-597
Author(s):  
G. Schultz ◽  
C. Leuschner ◽  
C. Schmidt ◽  
U. Homeyer
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Aromatic Amino Acid ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Amino Acid Synthesis

scholarly journals The Role of the Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle in Amino Acid Synthesis in Escherichia Coli

1953 ◽  
Vol 39 (10) ◽  
pp. 1013-1019 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Roberts ◽  
D. B. Cowie ◽  
R. Britten ◽  
E. Bolton ◽  
P. H. Abelson
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Synthesis ◽  
Acid Cycle

scholarly journals A new insight into isotopic fractionation associated with decarboxylation in organisms: implications for amino acid isotope approaches in biogeoscience

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuko Takizawa ◽  
Yoshinori Takano ◽  
Bohyung Choi ◽  
Prarthana S. Dharampal ◽  
Shawn A. Steffan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Carbon Isotopes ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Isotopic Fractionation ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
Amino Acid Synthesis ◽  
Standard Scenario

Abstract Stable nitrogen (15N/14N) and carbon (13C/12C) isotopic compositions of amino acids in organisms have widely been employed as a powerful tool to evaluate resource utilization and trophic connection among organisms in diverse ecosystems. However, little is known about the physiological factors or mechanisms responsible for determining the isotopic discrimination (particularly for carbon) within amino acids of organisms. In the present study, we investigated the inter-trophic discrimination of nitrogen and carbon isotopes within amino acids (Δδ15NAA and Δδ13CAA, respectively) using four consumer–diet pairs. Each pairing illustrates a metabolic perspective of isotopic fractionation of amino acids. The Δδ15NAA values in these combinations reveal a trend consistent with those observed in many other combinations in previous studies. This further validates a standard scenario: the deamination preferentially removes 14N amino group from diet-derived amino acids, leaving behind the 15N-enriched amino acids in consumer biomass. The Δδ15NAA values thus mirror the activity of amino acid deamination in consumers. In contrast, the trends in the Δδ13CAA value suggest a different metabolic fate for the amino acid carbon isotope. Based on our results, we predict the following scenario: decarboxylation preferentially removes 12C α-carbon (i.e., carbonyl-carbon) from pyruvic acid in glycolysis, and from α-ketoglutaric acid in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, leaving behind the 13C-enriched both pyruvic and α-ketoglutaric acids. The 13C is then transferred to amino acids that are synthesized from the 13C-enriched precursor molecules within consumers. The Δδ13CAA values therefore mirror the pathways of de novo amino acid synthesis in consumers. The proposed link between nitrogen and carbon isotopes can refine our knowledge of the potential processes affecting the isotopic fractionation within diet and consumer compartments, as well as environmental samples. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals Petasis vs. Strecker Amino Acid Synthesis: Convergence, Divergence and Opportunities in Organic Synthesis

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1707
Author(s):  
Wayiza Masamba
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Organic Synthesis ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Physical Sciences ◽  
Amino Acid Synthesis

α-Amino acids find widespread applications in various areas of life and physical sciences. Their syntheses are carried out by a multitude of protocols, of which Petasis and Strecker reactions have emerged as the most straightforward and most widely used. Both reactions are three-component reactions using the same starting materials, except the nucleophilic species. The differences and similarities between these two important reactions are highlighted in this review.

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