scholarly journals Toward asleep DBS: cortico-basal ganglia spectral and coherence activity during interleaved propofol/ketamine sedation mimics NREM/REM sleep activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Guang ◽  
Halen Baker ◽  
Orilia Ben-Yishay Nizri ◽  
Shimon Firman ◽  
Uri Werner-Reiss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Nrem Sleep ◽  
Sleep Cycle ◽  
Advanced Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Low Frequency Power ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Frequency Power

AbstractDeep brain stimulation (DBS) is currently a standard procedure for advanced Parkinson’s disease. Many centers employ awake physiological navigation and stimulation assessment to optimize DBS localization and outcome. To enable DBS under sedation, asleep DBS, we characterized the cortico-basal ganglia neuronal network of two nonhuman primates under propofol, ketamine, and interleaved propofol-ketamine (IPK) sedation. Further, we compared these sedation states in the healthy and Parkinsonian condition to those of healthy sleep. Ketamine increases high-frequency power and synchronization while propofol increases low-frequency power and synchronization in polysomnography and neuronal activity recordings. Thus, ketamine does not mask the low-frequency oscillations used for physiological navigation toward the basal ganglia DBS targets. The brain spectral state under ketamine and propofol mimicked rapid eye movement (REM) and Non-REM (NREM) sleep activity, respectively, and the IPK protocol resembles the NREM-REM sleep cycle. These promising results are a meaningful step toward asleep DBS with nondistorted physiological navigation.

scholarly journals Toward asleep DBS: Cortico basal-ganglia neural activity during interleaved propofol/ketamine sedation mimics NREM/REM sleep activity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Guang ◽  
Halen Baker ◽  
Orilia Ben-Yishay Nizri ◽  
Shimon Firman ◽  
Uri Werner-Reiss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Nrem Sleep ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Sleep Cycle ◽  
Brain State ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Low Frequency Power ◽  
Frequency Power

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is currently a standard long-term treatment for advanced motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD). In an effort to enable DBS under sedation, asleep DBS, we characterized the cortico-basal ganglia neuronal network of two non-human primates under propofol, ketamine and interleaved propofol-ketamine (IPK) sedation. Further, we compared these sedation states in the healthy and Parkinsonian condition to those of healthy sleep. Ketamine increases high frequency power and synchronization while propofol increases low frequency power and synchronization in polysomnography and neuronal activity recordings. Thus, ketamine does not mask the low frequency oscillations used for physiological navigation toward basal ganglia DBS targets. The brain state under ketamine and propofol mimicked rapid eye movement (REM) and Non-REM (NREM) sleep activity, respectively, and the IPK protocol imitates the NREM-REM sleep cycle. These promising results are the first step towards asleep DBS with non-distorted physiological navigation.

Interhemispheric Sleep EEG Asymmetry in the Rat is Enhanced by Sleep Deprivation

2002 ◽  
Vol 88 (5) ◽  
pp. 2280-2286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladyslav V. Vyazovskiy ◽  
Alexander A. Borbély ◽  
Irene Tobler
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Nrem Sleep ◽  
Light Period ◽  
Sleep Eeg ◽  
Hemispheric Dominance ◽  
Eeg Asymmetry ◽  
Low Frequency Power ◽  
Frequency Power

Vigilance state-related topographic variations of electroencephalographic (EEG) activity have been reported in humans and animals. To investigate their possible functional significance, the cortical EEG of the rat was recorded from frontal and parietal derivations in both hemispheres. Records were obtained for a 24-h baseline day, 6-h sleep deprivation (SD), and subsequent 18-h recovery. During the baseline 12-h light period, the main sleep period of the rat, low-frequency (<7.0 Hz) power in the non-rapid eye-movement (NREM) sleep EEG declined progressively. Left-hemispheric predominance of low-frequency power at the parietal derivations was observed at the beginning of the light period when sleep pressure is high due to preceding spontaneous waking. The left-hemispheric dominance changed to a right-hemispheric dominance in the course of the 12-h rest-phase when sleep pressure dissipated. During recovery from SD, both low-frequency power and parietal left-hemispheric predominance were enhanced. The increase in low-frequency power in NREM sleep observed after SD at the frontal site was larger than at the parietal site. However, frontally no interhemispheric differences were present. In REM sleep, power in the theta band (5.25–8.0 Hz) exhibited a right-hemispheric predominance. In contrast to NREM sleep, the hemispheric asymmetry showed no trend during baseline and was not affected by SD. Use-dependent local changes may underlie the regional differences in the low-frequency NREM sleep EEG within and between hemispheres. The different interhemispheric asymmetries in NREM and REM sleep suggest that the two sleep states may subserve different functions in the brain.

What Is a Dream?

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Sue Llewellyn
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Nrem Sleep ◽  
Sleep Cycle ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Fixed Sequence ◽  
The World ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Light Sleep

Dreaming happens during sleep. When we aren’t interacting with the world, our minds turn inwards. We dream. These dreams differ. Rapid eye movement (REM) dreams are visual, vivid, bizarre, emotional, and highly associative with embodied narratives, whereas non-rapid eye movement (NREM) dreams tend to be shorter and more thought-like. During REM dreams, the brain is as active, or even more active, than it is during wakefulness. In some dreams, during REM sleep, the dreamer is lucid—they become aware they are dreaming and can, sometimes control the dream content. These different types of dream happen at different times in the sleep cycle. Across the night, we experience NREM sleep (including light sleep and deep sleep) and REM sleep in a fixed sequence. The night isn’t a uniform period of rest. This introductory chapter explains these basic issues about sleep and dreams.

Cortical low‐frequency power correlates with behavioral impairment in animal model of focal limbic seizures

Epilepsia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhijeet Gummadavelli ◽  
Reese Martin ◽  
Derek Goshay ◽  
Lim‐Anna Sieu ◽  
Jingwen Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Behavioral Impairment ◽  
Limbic Seizures ◽  
Low Frequency Power ◽  
Frequency Power

Low-frequency heating of doublets

1981 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. H. Jensen ◽  
F. W. McClain ◽  
H. Grad
Keyword(s):  
Physical Model ◽  
Linear Theory ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Plasma Temperature ◽  
Auxiliary Heating ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Axisymmetric Mode ◽  
Low Frequency Power ◽  
Frequency Power ◽  
Frequency Heating

Heating of a doublet plasma by driving an axisymmetric mode at low frequency may be an attractive means for auxiliary heating. The attractiveness of the method stems from (1) the low technology required for low-frequency power sources, (2) the fact that the field-shaping coils required for doublets may also be used as the antennae for transmitting the power, (3) the possibility of transmitting the power through a resistive vacuum wall, (4) the insensitivity to the plasma temperature and density and (5) the relative simplicity of the physical model. The utility of the concept depends on the existence of a special axisymmetric eigenmode in the resistive M.HD approximation which is used. This mode has nodes through the elliptic axes of the doublet equilibrium and an antinode at the hyperbolic axis. It is remarkable that the dissipation per cycle of this mode remains large at low plasma resistivity. This paper describes a linear theory for such heating.

Preeclamptic pregnancy is associated with increased sympathetic and decreased parasympathetic control of HR

2000 ◽  
Vol 278 (4) ◽  
pp. H1269-H1273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl C. H. Yang ◽  
Te-Chang Chao ◽  
Terry B. J. Kuo ◽  
Chang-Sheng Yin ◽  
Hsing I. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Frequency Domain Analysis ◽  
Natural Logarithm ◽  
Sympathetic Regulation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Low Frequency Power ◽  
Normalized Units ◽  
Frequency Power

Previous work from our laboratory using heart rate variability (HRV) has demonstrated that women before menopause have a more dominant parasympathetic and less effective sympathetic regulations of heart rate compared with men. Because it is still not clear whether normal or preeclamptic pregnancy coincides with alternations in the autonomic functions, we evaluated the changes of HRV in 17 nonpregnant, 17 normotensive pregnant, and 11 preeclamptic women who were clinically diagnosed without history of diabetic neuropathy, cardiac arrhythmia, and other cardiovascular diseases. Frequency-domain analysis of short-term, stationary R-R intervals was performed to evaluate the total variance, low-frequency power (LF; 0.04–0.15 Hz), high-frequency power (HF; 0.15–0.40 Hz), ratio of LF to HF (LF/HF), and LF in normalized units (LF%). Natural logarithm transformation was applied to variance, LF, HF, and LF/HF for the adjustment of the skewness of distribution. We found that the normal pregnant group had a lower R-R value and HF but had a higher LF/HF and LF% compared with the nonpregnant group. The preeclamptic group had lower HF but higher LF/HF compared with either the normal pregnant or nonpregnant group. Our results suggest that normal pregnancy is associated with a facilitation of sympathetic regulation and an attenuation of parasympathetic influence of heart rate, and such alterations are enhanced in preeclamptic pregnancy.

scholarly journals In search of Universal Cortical Power Changes Linked to NMDA-Antagonist based Anesthetic Induced Reductions in Consciousness

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andria Pelentritou ◽  
Levin Kuhlmann ◽  
John Cormack ◽  
Steven Mcguigan ◽  
Will Woods ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Power ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Nmda Antagonist ◽  
Alpha Power ◽  
Source Imaging ◽  
Source Power ◽  
Gamma Range ◽  
Anesthetic Agents ◽  
Low Frequency Power ◽  
Frequency Power

B. AbstractBackground.Despite their intriguing nature, investigations of the neurophysiology of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-antagonists Xenon (Xe) and nitrous oxide (N2O) are limited and have revealed inconsistent frequency-dependent alterations, in spectral power and functional connectivity. Discrepancies are likely due to using low resolution electroencephalography restricted to sensor level changes, concomitant anesthetic agent administration and dosage. Our intention was to describe the effects of equivalent stepwise levels of Xe and N2O administration on oscillatory source power using a crossover design, to explore universal mechanisms of NMDA-based anesthesia.Methods.22 healthy males participated in a study of simultaneous magnetoencephalography and electroencephalography recordings. In separate sessions, equivalent subanesthetic doses of gaseous anesthetic agents N2O and Xe (0.25, 0.50, 0.75 equi MAC-awake) and 1.30 MAC-awake Xe (for Loss of Responsiveness) were administered. Source power in various frequency bands was computed and statistically assessed relative to a conscious baseline.Results.Delta (l-4Hz) and theta (4-8Hz) band power was significantly increased at the highest Xe concentration (42%, 1.30 MAC-awake) relative to baseline for both magnetoencephalography and electroencephalography source power (p<0.005). A reduction in frontal alpha (8-13 Hz) power was observed upon N2O administration, and shown to be stronger than equivalent Xe dosage reductions (p=0.005). Higher frequency activity increases were observed in magnetoencephalographic but not encephalographic signals for N2O alone with occipital low gamma (30-49Hz) and widespread high gamma (51-99Hz) rise in source power.Conclusions.Magnetoencephalography source imaging revealed unequivocal and widespread power changes in dissociative anesthesia, which were divergent to source electroencephalography. Loss of Responsiveness anesthesia at 42% Xe (1.30 MAC-awake) demonstrated, similar to inductive agents, low frequency power increases in frontal delta and global theta. N2O sedation yielded a rise in high frequency power in the gamma range which was primarily occipital for lower gamma bandwidth (3049 Hz) and substantially decreased alpha power, particularly in frontal regions.Clinical trial number and Registry URLNot applicable.Prior PresentationsPelentritou Andria, Kuhlmann Levin; Lee Heonsoo; Cormack John; Mcguigan Steven; Woods Will; Sleigh Jamie; Lee UnCheol; Muthukumaraswamy Suresh; Liley David. Searching For Universal Cortical Power Changes Linked To Anesthetic Induced Reductions In Consciousness. The Science of Consciousness April 4th2018. Tucson, Arizona, USA.Summary StatementNot applicable.

Dreaming and the brain: Toward a cognitive neuroscience of conscious states

2000 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 793-842 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Allan Hobson ◽  
Edward F. Pace-Schott ◽  
Robert Stickgold
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Nrem Sleep ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Brain Physiology ◽  
Neurophysiological Studies ◽  
The Brain

Sleep researchers in different disciplines disagree about how fully dreaming can be explained in terms of brain physiology. Debate has focused on whether REM sleep dreaming is qualitatively different from nonREM (NREM) sleep and waking. A review of psychophysiological studies shows clear quantitative differences between REM and NREM mentation and between REM and waking mentation. Recent neuroimaging and neurophysiological studies also differentiate REM, NREM, and waking in features with phenomenological implications. Both evidence and theory suggest that there are isomorphisms between the phenomenology and the physiology of dreams. We present a three-dimensional model with specific examples from normally and abnormally changing conscious states.

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